Summer of the Monkeys Essays

Summer of the Monkeys Essays Summer of the Monkeys Paper Summer of the Monkeys Paper Summary: Summer of the Monkeys is a story about a 14 year old boy named Jay Berry who discovers about 28 loose monkeys running around in the prairie. Later in the story Jay Berry finds out the monkeys came from a crashed circus train and the owners are giving a reward to whoever can safely return them. Jay Berry then decides to catch the monkeys but soon realizes how hard it is and that he may not get the pony and . 22 caliber shotgun hes been wanting. When Jay Berry finally catches the monkeys ith the help of his grandpa, instead of spending the money on the pony and caliber, Jay Berry gives the money to his twin sister to fix her crippled leg and give her the option to finally be able to walk. Character Descriptions: Jay Berry Lee: ambitious, care free, clever Grandpa: happy, skillful, altruistic Rowdy: brave, cowardly, smart, giddy limbo: manipulative, sneaky, caring, self-less Discussion questions: 1. In the book summer of the monkeys Jay berry gives his reward money to his sister Daisy to fix her twisted leg, instead of buying the pony and . 2 caliber hes always dreamed of. If you were in this situation would you spend your money the same way Jay Berry did? Why or why not? 2. What does Jay Berry learn at the end of the book when he graciously gives his money to his sister instead of spending it on himself? 3. During this book Jay Berry spend his whole summer hunting down these monkeys and has, messed up numerous times, but has failed to give up. If you were in the same situation as Jay Berry would you give up after one shot? Or continue trying to atch the monkeys like Jay Berry? Key Passage: From chapter 17, page 267: Jay Berry: l cant buy a pony, grandpa, I said. If I do, id always feels guilty. Every time id climb on its back to go riding, ld think of my little sister and that old crippled leg of hers. Im going to give my money to her so she can go to the hospital and get it fixed up. Key Passage Explanation: (TS) The whole end of this book is all wrapped up in the Jay Berrys truthful words. L) Jay Berry has always wanted a beautiful paint pony, and when he finally has the oney to get one she has a nasty scar on her leg. (IQ) When Jay Berry sees his ponies crippled leg, he brings her back home and explains to his grandpa every time Id climb on its back to go riding, ld think of my little sister and that old crippled leg of hers. (Rawls 2 Jay Berry realizes what a shame it is tor the pony to go through that, and how bad i t must be for his sister; whose has a crippled leg her entire life. L) Jay Berry figures the right and logical thing to do would be to give his ister the money. (Q) Im going to give my money to her so she can go to the hospital and get it fixed up. Jay Berry tells his grandpa. (CM) Its really hard for Jay Berry to give all his hard earned money to Daisy to fix her leg, when he wanted the pony so bad. (CM) Jay Berry learned a very valuable lesson about thinking about others before yourself. (CS) At the end of the book Jay Berry is glad he gave the money to Daisy to fix her leg, he learns its more important to think of your family before yourself.

Research Process Steps - Your Ultimate Guide for Best Papers

Research Process Steps - Your Ultimate Guide for Best Papers Research Process Steps - Your Ultimate Guide for Best Papers College brings a lot of uncertainties – new roommates, living within a budget, making new connections, etc. One thing, however, is quite certain – research paper assignments. You will have many - in fact an average of 32 papers - to write during your four-year march to a Bachelor’s. While you were possibly able to be a bit lazy with the steps in research process in high school, you do not have that luxury now. Every paper you write will be judged on the research you have used, the validity of your thesis statement or research question, and, of course, those pesky details, such as sticking with the specified research paper format style. Here’s a step-by-step guide that should get you great results – results that translate into great grades.                                                                     Ã‚  Step I: Selection and Refinement of a Topic If you goof at this point, your entire paper will suffer, so you have to get this right. In high school, you perhaps chose a factual topic, let’s say, the â€Å"Causes of the Civil War† or â€Å"Pollution of our Oceans.† These topics required you to research facts and report them. You are in the â€Å"big leagues† now, and that will not do. Here are the important parts of selecting that topic: Understand the parameters provided by your instructor. S/he will have guidelines – stick to them. Go through your text and your class notes, and find a topic that interests you. This is important – if you don’t like the topic, the entire process will be drudgery. When you do find a topic, it might be a good idea to run it by your instructor. Another suggestion – try to find one that is not common. When instructors have the chance to read something different, they are happier. Check out research available on your topic. You can usually gauge the refinement of your topic by checking out what research currently exists. If there is too little, you will need to broaden your topic, and vice versa. You need a scholarly thesis. Usually, you can get to this thesis by turning your topic into a question. Instead of â€Å"ocean pollution,† for example, you might ask, â€Å"What are the newest technologies for cleaning up our oceans?† or â€Å"What are the politics that hinder cleaning up our oceans?† These questions will give you your research question and, once you have done some initial research, your thesis statement.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 2: The Preliminary Research In the course of selecting your topic, you have done some preliminary research, if only to confirm that there are appropriate and scholarly resource materials available on the topic. If you are in grad school, specifically working on your thesis or dissertation, then your preliminary research will entail much more. You will be using it in writing a research proposal and so will be taking notes as you thoroughly review that research. Do a good job here, because not only will you use that content for your proposal, these resources can form a part of your total body of research for writing a literature review section or chapter.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 3: Locating Those Resources Obviously, the first place to look will be the electronic database of your school library. Using keywords and keyword phrases that relate directly to your topic is all you will need. For a larger swath of resources, particularly for grad students, use ProQuest. Here you will find research articles and other scholarly works (e.g., published theses and dissertations). Here is the thing about selection of resources. Secondary materials are perfectly fine for undergraduate work, so long as the author is a respected scholar in the field. No encyclopedic-like resources are acceptable. Obviously, the Internet is an additional source for material, both through generic searches and through subject directories.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 4: Assessing those Resources No resource should be considered for use without a check of the author’s authenticity. This means reading his/her bio, either the one that comes with the publication or searching online. A Ph.D. in English does not make an expert in history or economics. The other important consideration is the biases that author’s may have, particularly if your topic is controversial. It is fine to use a biased author, but you must acknowledge that bias in your paper. Especially when using Internet resources, double-check data and statistics you are given. Validating the authenticity of your source material is an extremely important step in the research process. Don’t skip it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 5: Taking Notes In high school, you were probably taught the note-card method. Guess what? It really is old-school but it really is still effective and most efficient. Why? Because if each note card holds one piece of information (along with source information), it can be sorted out and placed with similar information from other sources. Ultimately, sorting out those note cards will provide you with your sub-topics. Whether you plan to quote or â€Å"source† something on a note card or not, you still need the resource bibliographical information, so that it may be included correctly in your bibliography.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 6: Organizing the information                                                    This can be the most difficult of the research process steps. This is the step at which you have to organize all those note cards into categories, with the expectation of having sub-topics for your outline. This can be frustrating. However, here is a tip that you will not find elsewhere. Get online. Search for research papers on your topic. Take a look and see what sub-topics were used. This will give you an organizational plan to begin with. IMPORTANT: You are looking at organizational structure; you are not looking to â€Å"lift† any part of a paper for your own. You already know how easy it is for your instructor to check, so just don’t do it. For graduate students completing a literature review: you will not have sub-topics in the same manner as undergrad research papers. Your research has involved a review of the relevant research that others have conducted and you will be reporting on their findings as they relate to your research project. Reading through literature reviews of other theses and dissertations on related topics will give you good examples for you to follow.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 7: Even a Cursory Outline Will Keep You on track You should construct some type of outline that will cover the order in which you will cover your sub-topics. How detailed you make it depends upon you and the topic. Even a brief very informal outline will help you draft that first copy. Just list your sub-topics and, under each one, a listing of the points you will be covering. This will keep you organized as you construct your paper.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 8: The Rough Draft Using the outline, you now write the first draft of your paper. While many say you should not concern yourself with grammar and other composition, it’s a good idea to try to avoid grammar mistakes the first time through – it’s just more you have to clean up later.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 9: Editing and Revising Plan on plenty of time for editing and proofreading your paper. Once you have finished your rough draft, set the paper aside for 24 hours. If you try to edit right away, chances are you will miss things. As you begin the editing process, do it in this order: Read the paper first for coherence and flow. Are the sub-sections organized in the right order? Have you made your points clearly? Is there a logical flow of ideas? Look at your transitions from one paragraph to the next and from one section to the next. Will the reader know what to expect next? Does your introduction contain a good statement of your thesis or hypothesis? Does your conclusion sum everything up? Does there need to be a call to action? Once you are satisfied with the flow, it is time to proofread for grammatical, spelling, and mechanical errors (e.g., punctuation). If this is a challenge for you, get someone else to read the paper for you and point out any of these types of errors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 10: Check that formatting Instructors can be sticklers for detail. One of those details is the format style that has been specified. If you are unsure about your in-text citations or your bibliography format, use one of the many tools now available that will format those citations in the style you need.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Step 11: The Final draft Your last step is to type the final copy and submit it.                                                    Other Processes This is a common step-by-step process for research paper construction. You may find an alternative model of the research process, especially as you move into graduate level research and writing or as instructors in various disciplinary field require. This process, however, will give you a basic model that you can use for most any paper you write at the undergraduate level. When You Are in a Bind It happens to the best of students. There is simply too much going on; there are too many paper assignments at the same time; other obligations have prevented you from being able to meet a deadline. In these circumstances, you may need to find a service that can write a research paper for you. This is no reflection on you or your intelligence. It is just a fact of life, and nothing to be ashamed about. In fact, it is a part of learning how to work â€Å"smarter† when you need to.

Post traumatic architecture Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Post traumatic architecture - Dissertation Example The end of the whole process is going to be quite tempting to discover if the purpose of healing was achieved or not. Main dissertation body National September 11 Memorial & Museum A World Trade Center Site Memorial Competition was setup in order to welcome designs on how the World Trade Center site could be reconstructed as a memorial to the victims of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attack. This competition was won by Michael Arad, an Israeli-American architect of Handel Architects. His design was called â€Å"Reflecting Absence† and its main feature included a reflecting pool and a tree-filled plaza which was blended into the city’s landscape (Meehan, 2011). With the collaboration of other architects, including landscape architects, the design was perfected. Families of the victims were also consulted in relation to the placement of the names of about 3000 victims killed that day (Dunlap, 2011). Landscape architects also helped to tweak the design especially in term s of the forest of trees which would surround the reflecting pools. Ten years following the disaster, on September 11, 2011, a dedication ceremony was held at the memorial and following the ceremony, the plaza was opened to the public. The design included two pools with manmade waterfalls cascading over the sides; the pools were placed at the sites where the Twin Towers used to stand. Each pool measures about an acre. Both pools were meant to symbolize the loss of life and the emptiness caused by the terrorist attacks on September 11. The sound of the water falls were also meant to reduce the sound of the city, creating a place which was to be a source of comfort and sanctuary to the visitors. Close to 400 sweet gum and swamp white oak trees took up the other 6 acres left of the memorial plaza. This further gave the area a sense of isolation from the city bustle. The names of the victims were then written into 76 bronze plates and attached to the walls at the edges of the pools (Bla is, 2011). The names included the victims of the September 11 attacks from the Twin Towers, as well as the victims from Arlington Virginia, and those from Pennsylvania. The names of the rescuers were also included in the bronze plates along with the six victims from the February 1993 World Trade Center bombing. The arrangement of the names was also very much important to the design as the groupings and adjacencies were based on family relations as well as company or organization affiliations. In effect, the names of families were set alongside each other; the names of first responders were grouped alongside the names of their units; and the names of co-workers were also written alongside each other. The design for the memorial site also included a Survivor Tree. The tree is a callery pear tree which was previously recovered from the rubbles of ground zero World Trade Center site in October of 2001 while retrieval workers were trying to look for survivors. The tree was about 8 feet t all and severely burned, but it had one living branch (Sudol, 2011). It was a tree which has long been at the site for decades before the attack, planted originally in the 1970s. It was later cared for by Arthur Ross from the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. The tree was not expected to

Mans dark past Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Mans dark past - Essay Example This paper explores this literature by focusing on three short stories to determine the significance of literature in illuminating on the shadowy plane of humanity. Good Men Are Hard To Find In â€Å"Good men are hard to find† the author initially portrays a horror story, but in the end it becomes a religious tale in which there is a determination of how good and evil are distinguished. The story is seen through a grandmothers’ point of view, the lead character in the story. She represents the old generation who are religious, and is tormented by the modern world, and thus, hard to please in any way. Every person around her appears to be flawed as she says that they lack respect or just because they are tired of dealing with her high expectations. However, what the grandmother does not realize is that her old judging ways were also flawed, for if she stopped dwelling in the past and opened her eyes to life realities she could have saved the whole family from the misfit. Therefore, the title of the story is the representative of the grandmother’s assertion of then changed society, and this is evident when Red Sam’s wife states; â€Å"It isn’t a soul in this green world of God’s that you can trust†¦ And I don’t count nobody out of that, not anybody, as she is looking at her husband† (O’Connor 370). Therefore, the story has more to just a family going for a vacation away from home, for it contains prefigures that allude to the conclusion of the story. This is depicted in the conversations of characters, especially the grandmother and children’s mother whom have been used as symbols of the old and the new to bring out lessons to the human kind (DiYanni, 322). This show how good and evil has continued to have a never ending battle through the eyes of O’Connor. Greasy lake The second short story â€Å"Greasy Lake† is characterized by rape, death, alcohol and drugs all of which ar e attributes held by the bad boys in the story (Walker, 257). The main character who is the author begins the story by the description and that of his friends as a bad character. This is depicted in the way they dress: â€Å"we wore torn-up leather jackets, slouched around with toothpicks in our mouth, sniffed glue and ether and what somebody claimed was cocaine† (Walker, 250). Therefore, in as much as the narrator has described the greasy lake to be a dangerous place, it is where they chose to spend their days and late nights just to be termed as bad boys (Boyle, 130). However, as it turns out, this lake seems to be a symbol that is used to convey the deterioration of morals in the society. This is because as the narrator says, the current waters of the lake were not the same as in the past, which made the Indians who were the original inhabitants of the place name it Wakan in reference to the clarity of its waters. Therefore, this change of waters from the time of Indians a s clear to murky is a sure enough example to communicate the corruption of the current morals of the societal context. The lake symbolizes the decadence in morals, especially the youth culture. This is a depiction of how man can only look back into his history to derive lessons. This is so because during the time the Native Americans lived there, they took care of the

The organizational theory of concept Essay Example for Free

The organizational theory of concept Essay â€Å"The organizational theory of concept involves the dynamic interplay amoung individuals in organizations, teams and leadership behaviors, and the organization itself.†(Hellriegel Slocum, 2004 PG. 29) The authors define a participative style of leadership as one the requires the leader to maintian two-way communication and to support followers in the use of their competencies. Ms. Winfrey leads her organization through a participative style. She shares the decision making with groups of members or on a one to one basis with competent employees. She firmly belives that she does not always have the right answers, as shown by a statement she made in reference to a sucide note written in 1981, â€Å"I cried for the women I was then† (Garson, 2004, p. 42). She is quoted as saying, â€Å"It is all about attracting good people. I have always tried to surround myself with people who are smarter in ways that I am not.† (Howard, 28 May 2006) Ms. Winfrey also encourages input from colleagues and staff. Winfrey’s book club launch in September of 1996 is a perfect example of this. She relied on the opinions of others to aide her in the selections of the featured novel. Her producers and staff members are key elements in the presenting and the selection of new show tapes, as well as, magazine content. (Howard May 2006)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Oprah is an incredibly fasscinating person. She is full of passion, humility, and strength. She treats people with respect, much like my parents taught me to. Her parents, like mine, believed in higher education and made sure she received the best possible education, much like mine did for me. Ms. Winfrey has incerdible self-determination, as do I. For example after I had obtained a degree in accounting and worked for only a year, I completely changed careers to nursing. That in itself took incredible self-determination. I believe in Ms. Winfrey’s participative style and I use it myself in all aspects of my life. At work, I always seek the team’s input in planning care for a patient. I motivate my team to work together to achieve the level of organization that is required for patient satisfaction. On the home front, open communication and family based decision making is key. Everyone is involved in the decision making process, and family time holds us closely together. I am proud of my accomplishments as a parent, wife, and graduate student, and I encourage my children to hold people such as Oprah Winfrey in high regard. I encourage them to use her and other like her as a role model, while explaining to them that â€Å"they have to do it their way, because she did it her way†. I am continually using wisdom and empathy much like  Ã‚   Ms. Winfrey to communicate with people. I practice and ecourage other to actively listen when others are speaking, and, above all else, I always try to place myself in anothers shoes. Ms. Winfrey exerts power with charisma. She has the ability to inspire her staff, colleagues, and audiences through not only her large scale humanitarian work but also through her personal life. For eample, she created her Angel Network in 1997 to donate money to a wide variety of charities. On a more personal note, Ms Winfrey was inducted into the Hall of Fame for National Assoicosiaction for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). She inspires trust within her oragnizations because she is a competent leader and she works to surround herself with compentent people. She is very charismatic, and extremly influential. This influence can be seen in the lack of tabliod news about Ms. Winfrey. For example, her drug use, the suicide note, and her dead child were all revealed using her talk show as the platform. These are usually fodder for the tabliods, and are usually revealed against a persons will.   While some scandals do come and go for Oprah, the general public believes in her and tends to forgive her flaws and mistakes. In reference to her her influence she is quoted as saying, â€Å"When I began my talk show I was so thrilled to have the opportunity that I never thought much about the tremendous influence TV could have. Now I feel the power and the enormous responiblity that comes with it.† (adler, 1997, p. 60) She relies on referent and reward power to express gratitude and appreciation to her staff. She pays gratitude and respect to her staff through words of admiration. She lavishly gifts them, especially arround the holidays. An example of her reward power is the first class trips to hawaii that she gave awayt o every staff member a few years ago. The trips included first class airline tickets, stays a five-star resorts and spending money for them and their families.

GSK3 Beta :: essays research papers

SECTION I Scientific Rationale for Selection of the Target A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characterization of Target Diabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by the presence of excessive amounts of glucose and glucagon in the blood of diabetic patients. The most frequently cited reason for Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is either a lack of insulin secretion (DM Type I) and/or, more commonly, the resistance to insulin in the peripheral tissues, particularly muscle and adipose tissue (DM type II). Hence, insulin has long been a target for the treatment of DM. In DM Type I, intravenous or subcutaneous insulin injection has often been the norm. Iatrogenic insulin administration, insulino-mimetics, or insulin-secretagogues have been the major modalities of treatment for DM type II; however, these treatments do not address the resistance in peripheral tissues to insulin. Essentially, these methods offer a â€Å"brute-force† method of treating hyperglycemia, by increasing levels of a decreasingly effective hormone (Champ). Under normal physiological conditions, insulin binds to the insulin receptor and becomes phosphorylated as a result. The phosphorylated insulin receptor binds to and phosphorylates IRS proteins and Shc, which bind differentially to various downstream signaling proteins. Phosphatidylinositol 3`-kinase (PI3-kinase), a downstream effector of IRS, is critical for the metabolic action of insulin - glucose transport, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis (FIGRURE 1) (Virkamaki). It has been discovered that protein kinase B (PKB), a downstream target of PI3-kinase directly phosphorylates and, as a result, inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). GSK-3 is a kinase, present in two nearly identical isoforms (GSK 3a and GSK 3b), which are constitutively active in resting cells of various tissues. When active, GSK-3 phosphorylates and inhibits, glycogen synthase, effectively blocking the synthesis of glycogen and favoring the presence of glucose monomers in the blood. GSK-3 also phosphor ylates and inhibits IRS-1, the presence of which is associated with insulin resistance (Eldar). Furthermore, GSK-3, which is responsible for blocking the synthesis of glycogen, is inhibited by insulin and therefore, effectively acts as a GSK-3 inhibitor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During peripheral resistance of insulin, as seen in DM type II patients, GSK-3 is no longer through binding of insulin to its receptor. Purportedly, GSK-3 limits insulin action via serine phosphorylation of IRS-1 and it also inhibits glycogen synthase by the same mechanism. Hence by inhibiting IRS-1, PI3K is no longer activated to inhibit GSK-3. Essentially, GSK-3 triggers a negative feedback mechanism that results in its own disinhibition. (FIGURE 2) Novel methods in the treatment of DM type II, involves targeting the signaling pathway of insulin rather than increasing insulin concentrations in a patient.

My Favourite Brands

My favourite brands are: NOKIA: I am using NOKIA cell phone since last 6 years, still I don’t have any complaint about it, its battery life, reliability, and easy to use features are common in all the phones and its customer related services like once they exchange battery (CLV4) due to some technical reason, on that day itself. SONY: People say that XYZ Company provides better services after sales, but I belief in SONY because if you have SONY gadgets you don’t need services (at all in many case) or very frequently. I have SONY Walkman, Camera, Laptop but I never visited Sony service centre for the same, also â€Å"Made in Japan† tag play an important role to building a brand. DABUR: In many FMCG product categories and Ayurvedic products like Chayawanprash, toothpaste, Honey, Hair oil, I prefer DABUR products because it has quality products with more than 100 years of experiences also since my childhood i am using all these products so I have develop a strong taste for these products. REYNOLDS: I have been using REYNOLDS pen since my School days, I tried many more pen in between but in examination or any other Test which is important to me I prefer only Reynolds pen (white body & blue cover Reynolds 045) that one I am still using. It provides you best quality at cheaper price with belief of Reynolds. HERO HONDA: I learnt bike with Hero Honda CD 100 SS which we have in our house 10 years ago. In those days they promoted Hero Honda as â€Å"Desh ki Dhadkan† that influenced me at that time. Hero Honda also have many products depends on the needs of the customers, Splendra is the most sold model of Hero Honda which I have now-a-days that gives you strength that it is most trusted bike in the market.

The Effects of Lsd

LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann at the Sandoz Laboratories in Basel, Switzerland as part of a large research program searching for medically useful ergot alkaloid derivatives. LSD's psychedelic properties were discovered 5 years later when Hofmann himself accidentally ingested an unknown quantity of the chemical. The first intentional ingestion of LSD occurred on April 19, 1943, when Hofmann ingested 250 mg of LSD. He said this would be a threshold dose based on the dosages of other ergot alkaloids.Hofmann found the effects to be much stronger than he anticipated. Sandoz Laboratories introduced LSD as a psychiatric drug in 1947. Beginning in the 1950s the US Central Intelligence Agency began a research program code named Project MKULTRA. Experiments included administering LSD to CIA employees, military personnel, doctors, other government agents, prostitutes, mentally ill patients, and members of the general public in order to study thei r reactions, usually without the subject's knowledge. The project was revealed in the US congressional Rockefeller Commission report in 1975.In 1963 the Sandoz patents expired on LSD. Also in 1963, the US Food and Drug Administration classified LSD as an Investigational New Drug, which meant new restrictions on medical and scientific use. [ Several figures, including Aldous Huxley, Timothy Leary, and Al Hubbard, began to advocate the consumption of LSD. LSD became central to the counterculture of the 1960s. On October 24, 1968, possession of LSD was made illegal in the United States. The last FDA approved study of LSD in patients ended in 1980, while a study in healthy volunteers was made in the late 1980s.Legally approved and regulated psychiatric use of LSD continued in Switzerland until 1993. Today, medical research is resuming around the world. Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide (INN) and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psyche delic drug of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences, as well as for its key role in 1960s counterculture.It is used mainly as an entheogen, recreational drug, and as an agent in psychedelic therapy. LSD is non-addictive, is not known to cause brain damage, and has extremely low toxicity relative to dose. However, adverse psychiatric reactions such as anxiety, paranoia, and delusions are possible. LSD was first synthesized by Albert Hofmann in 1938 from ergotamine, a chemical derived by Arthur Stoll from ergot, a grain fungus that typically grows on rye. The short form â€Å"LSD† comes from its early code name LSD-25, which is an abbreviation for the German â€Å"Lysergsaure-diethylamid† followed by a sequential number.LSD is sensitive to oxygen, ultraviolet light, and chlorine, especially in solution, though its potency may last for years if it is stored away from light and moisture at low temperature. In pure form it is a colorless, odorless, tasteless solid. LSD is typically delivered orally, usually on a substrate such as absorbent blotter paper, a sugar cube, or gelatin. In its liquid form, it can also be administered by intramuscular or intravenous injection. LSD is very potent, with 20–30  µg (micrograms) being the threshold dose.New experiments with LSD have started in 2009 for the first time in 40 years. Introduced by Sandoz Laboratories, with trade-name Delysid, as a drug with various psychiatric uses in 1947, LSD quickly became a therapeutic agent that appeared to show great promise. In the 1950s, officials at the U. S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) thought the drug might be applicable to mind control and chemical warfare; the agency's MKULTRA research program propagated the drug among young servicemen and students.The subsequent recreational use of the drug by yo uth culture in the Western world during the 1960s led to a political firestorm that resulted in its prohibition. Currently, a number of organizations—including the Beckley Foundation, MAPS, Heffter Research Institute and the Albert Hofmann Foundation—exist to fund, encourage and coordinate research into the medicinal and spiritual uses of LSD and related psychedelics. LSD can cause pupil dilation, reduced or increased appetite, and wakefulness.Other physical reactions to LSD are highly variable and nonspecific, some of which may be secondary to the psychological effects of LSD. Among the reported symptoms are numbness, weakness, nausea, hypothermia or hyperthermia, elevated blood sugar, goose bumps, heart rate increase, jaw clenching, perspiration, saliva production, mucus production, sleeplessness, hyperreflexia, and tremors. Some users, including Albert Hofmann, report a strong metallic taste for the duration of the effects.LSD is not considered addictive by the medi cal community. Rapid tolerance build-up prevents regular use,[citation needed] and cross-tolerance has been demonstrated between LSD, mescaline[ and psilocybin. This tolerance diminishes after a few days after cessation of use and is probably caused by down regulation of 5-HT2A receptors in the brain. LSD's psychological effects (colloquially called a â€Å"trip†) vary greatly from person to person, depending on factors such as previous experiences, state of mind and environment, as well as dose strength.They also vary from one trip to another, and even as time pass during a single trip. An LSD trip can have long-term psych emotional effects; some users cite the LSD experience as causing significant changes in their personality and life perspective [citation needed]. Widely different effects emerge based on what Timothy Leary called set and setting; the â€Å"set† being the general mindset of the user, and the â€Å"setting† being the physical and social environ ment in which the drug's effects are experienced.Some psychological effects may include an experience of radiant colors, objects and surfaces appearing to ripple or â€Å"breathe†, colored patterns behind the closed eyelids (eidetic imagery), an altered sense of time (time seems to be stretching, repeating itself, changing speed or stopping), crawling geometric patterns overlaying walls and other objects, morphing objects, a sense that one's thoughts are spiraling into themselves, loss of a sense of identity or the ego (known as â€Å"ego death†), and other powerful psycho-physical reactions. Many users experience dissolution between themselves and the â€Å"outside world†.This unitive quality may play a role in the spiritual and religious aspects of LSD. The drug sometimes leads to disintegration or restructuring of the user's historical personality and creates a mental state that some users report allows them to have more choice regarding the nature of their o wn personality. If the user is in a hostile or otherwise unsettling environment, or is not mentally prepared for the powerful distortions in perception and thought that the drug causes, effects are more likely to be unpleasant than if he or she is in a comfortable environment and has a relaxed, balanced and open mindset.LSD causes an altered sensory experience of senses, emotions, memories, time, and awareness for 6 to 14 hours, depending on dosage and tolerance. Generally beginning within thirty to ninety minutes after ingestion, the user may experience anything from subtle changes in perception to overwhelming cognitive shifts. Changes in auditory and visual perception are typical. Visual effects include the illusion of movement of static surfaces (â€Å"walls breathing†), after mage-like trails of moving objects (â€Å"tracers†), the appearance of moving colored geometric patterns (especially with closed eyes), an intensification of colors and brightness (â€Å"spa rkling†), new textures on objects, blurred vision, and shape suggestibility. Users commonly report that the inanimate world appears to animate in an unexplainable way; for instance, objects that are static in three dimensions can seem to be moving relative to one or more additional spatial dimensions. Many of the basic visual effects resemble the phosphine seen after applying pressure to the eye and have also been studied under the name â€Å"form constants†.The auditory effects of LSD may include echo-like distortions of sounds, changes in ability to discern concurrent auditory stimuli, and a general intensification of the experience of music. Higher doses often cause intense and fundamental distortions of sensory perception such as synesthesia, the experience of additional spatial or temporal dimensions, and temporary dissociation. The potential uses of LSD end of life anxiety, alcoholism, pain, cluster headaches, spiritual, and creativity. These are the potential adv erse effects: adverse drug interactions, mental disorders, and suggestibility and also psychosis.

International economics and finance The WritePass Journal

International economics and finance PART ONE INTRODUCTION International economics and finance PART ONE INTRODUCTIONPART TWO Structure of Balance of Payment AccountHow does a Balance of Payment Account balances?Causes of Balance of Payment Surplus or DeficitsReasons for Deficits and Financing a Short Term DeficitWays of rectifying / correcting a DeficitPART THREE CONCLUSIONPART FOUR REFERENCING AND BIBLIOGRAPHYRelated PART ONE INTRODUCTION The most basic needs in an economic functioning is the starting of the expanding deficit and natural resources which are the essentials of making manufactured goods and are the most important foundation of consumption of economy. As the impact on the financial and economic development is a very entensive debate on its desirability in United Kingdom. Globalisation in both developed and developing countries have changed prior to the relatively unnoticed capital flows in the 1990’s.   The  UK  is one of the richest countries in the world, especially with the current decline in the global economy. They are one of very few that is managing to keep their heads above water. As broadly defined, a Balance of Payment Account records all of the financial transactions of the government with the rest of the world (international economy) over a period of one year.   (Begg D, 1987). Essentially, each transaction is always recorded relating with the double-entry bookekeeping. Any amount involved must be entered on each of the two sides of the balance of payment accounts to complete the balances.   If the two sides of the balalcen of payment account are not the same, then the case if imbalance occurs. Therefore, these balances are referred to as surpluses or deficits in the balance of payment account. This assignment attempts to discuss how can there be deficits or surpluses of the balance of payment account if the balance of payment account must always balance. With the introduction in the first part, it states the definition and principles of balance of payment. Part two consists of Structure of a balance of payment account, how does balance of payment account balance, causes of balance of payment surplus or deficit, reasons for financing a short term deficit and the steps in rectifying or correcting the deficit. Part three is the last part where there is a conclusion of any suggestions pertaining why the balance of payment account must always balance. Part four states the referencing and bibliography and details of the sources of information used in this essay. PART TWO Structure of Balance of Payment Account The Balance of Payment Account is divided into two sections where the current account measures both the trade in goods and trade in services whilst the capital account tracks associated money flows with investment, services and the currency stabilisation of the UK.   Any credit transaction must have a corresponding debit entry so therefore; the sums must always be equal or balance at the end of each transaction made. In 1998 the UK’s Balance of Payments transactions were brought into consideration with other members of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The Balance of Payment’s statistics was classified into groups as follows: the current account, the capital account, the financial account and the international investment position. How does a Balance of Payment Account balances? As it has always been at the back of my mind when I was taught about the accounting principle of double entry, in every balance sheet there is a credit and debit entry. Every credit entry must have a sorresponding debit entry ans should always have an agreed sum of equal balance. Wherevet there is a surplus, there must be a deficit because they come to terms in a financial transaction and offset each other. Whenever the current account is a surplus, then there should be a deficit in the capital account. If there is a deficit in the capital account then it means that there is abruptly a rise in investment for the UK in the outside world but it cannot last because the other countries wolud also not want to be selling their assets to make another country benifiting from them. If the UK faces a current account surplus, then it is said to be that there is a flow of trade in goods and services funds. A current account surplus leads to an increase of external assets outside the UK. On the other hand, if the current acount is on deficit there is a decrease of assets which are sold to finance the country. Each external transaction is entered in both the current and capital accounts to show the original transaction and how it has been financed. Causes of Balance of Payment Surplus or Deficits There can be so many ways of causes of the balance of payment reaching the level of surplus or deficits. There might be a time when other outside countries are facing current account deficits whilst the UK is facing current account surplus. Therefore this is the most essential time to point out what causes the current account deficit before trying to find ways of correcting them. The causes are explained below as follows: An over valued exchange rate can be a factor of current account deficit as it is believed that it is a branch of the exchange rate being too high which can lead to high export rate and high foreign markets when the import rate is going cheaper.   The rising and falling of the imports and exports will affect the current account. The rising of the level of the economic growth can also be a good reason for current account deficit because when consumption and investment tends to rise, there is an increase in spending for consumers which will encourage the deteriorating of the current account. The greater the marginal propensity of import, there will be an increase in imports too. Lack of capacity productivity, poor pricing and non-pricing competition can cause current account deficit because if there in insufficient capacity to meet the needs from their consumers from the producers, then the imported goods and services comes into terms with the satisfaction of excessive demand. Quality, design, offers and reliability can also be considered as they are very important factors. Whereas inflation is seen as a key role for international competitiveness. It the inflation rate of the UK is higher to the rest of the world, and then it will be less competitive to the rest of the world.the UK’s manufacturing sector has suffered over the last 25years because of low cost of production in some new industralised countries which is a declining comparative advantage. Reasons for Deficits and Financing a Short Term Deficit Ways of rectifying / correcting a Deficit There can be ways in rectifying a deficit in the UK with government policies such as Expenditure Reducing Policies and Expenditure Switching Policies. In expenditure reducing policies, there can be higher direct taxes which can lead to a lower disposable income, increased interest rates to soften consumer confidence and consumption, and even the excess in the economy. By reducing the growth of domestic demand, it may encourage UK businesses to switch their production towards export markets. In other words, expenditure switching policies raises sterling price of imports, higher profitability of exporting but there can be an impact of lower exchange rate which depends on elasticity of overseas demand for UK exports. There can also be an instance of achieving a period of low relative inflation which helps the British economy with macroeconomic stability and important for their competitiveness. PART THREE CONCLUSION Currently, the UK is experiencing a current accouant deficit which is getting worst. On the other hand, it ignores the fact that trade deficits are linked to a weak pound currency. The government policy which is aimed at bringing an improvement of trade perrformance does not necessarily turn a deficit into a surplus but hence, the trade deficit is increasing around the world economy as the outside world is accpting the pounds in return for their import payments. The best thing the UK should dois to ignore the trade deficits and concentrate on the how to have a strong economy to attract foreign investment. Investors around the world are seeing the UK as a safe and profitable place for their savings so therefore, the trade deficit will still persisit and the British are better off because of it. PART FOUR REFERENCING AND BIBLIOGRAPHY Richard G L AND Chrystal K.A (2004) (10th Ed) Economics, Oxford: Oxford University

The Cape Cod Style House in the New World

The Cape Cod Style House in the New World The Cape Cod style house is one of the most recognized and beloved architectural designs in America. When British colonists traveled to the New World, they brought a housing style so practical that it endured through the ages. The modern day Cape Cod houses you see in nearly every part of North America are modeled after the rugged architecture of colonial New England. The style is a simple one - some may call it primitive with a rectangular footprint and gable pitched roof.  You will rarely see a porch or decorative embellishments on a traditional Cape Cod home. These houses were designed for easy construction and efficient heating. Low ceilings and a central chimney kept rooms comfortable during cold winters in the northern colonies. The steep roof helped slough off the heavy snow. The rectangular design made additions and expansions an easy task for growing families. Fast Facts: Colonial Cape Characteristics Post and beam, rectangular footprintOne story with additional half story under roofSide gable roof, fairly steepCenter chimneyShingle or clapboard exterior sidingCenter front door, two double-hung windows on each sideLittle ornamentation History The first Cape Cod style homes were built by Puritan colonists who came to America in the late 17th century. They modeled their homes after the half-timbered houses of their English homeland, but adapted the style to the stormy New England weather. Over a few generations, a modest, one- to one-and-a-half-story house with wooden shutters emerged. Reverend Timothy Dwight, a president of Yale University in Connecticut, recognized these houses as he traveled throughout the Massachusetts coastline, where Cape Cod juts out into the Atlantic Ocean. In an 1800 book describing his travels, Dwight is credited with coining the term Cape Cod to describe this prolific class or type of colonial architecture. Traditional, colonial-era homes are easily identifiable - rectangular shape; moderately steep roof pitch with side gables and a narrow roof overhang; one story of living area with a half story of storage area below the roof. Originally they were all constructed of wood and sided in wide clapboard or shingles. The facade had a front door placed at the center or, in a few cases, at the side - multi-paned, double-hung windows with shutters symmetrically surrounded the front door. The exterior siding was originally left unpainted, but then white-with-black-shutters became the standard later on. Homes of the original Puritans had little exterior ornamentation. Cape Cods styles smaller than what is known as double Capes include the single Cape with a facade of two windows to the side of the front door, and the three-quarter Cape with a front door offset from the center chimney allowing only one window on the short side. The rectangular interior could be divided or not, with a large central chimney linked to a fireplace in each room. No doubt the first homes would have been one room, then two rooms - a master bedroom and a living area. Eventually there may have been a center hall in a floor plan of four rooms, with a kitchen addition in the back, separated for fire safety. Certainly a Cape Cod house had hardwood floors that replaced original dirt floors, and what interior trim there was would be painted white - for purity. 20th Century Adaptations Much later, in the late 1800s and early 1900s, a renewed interest in Americas past inspired a variety of Colonial Revival styles. Colonial Revival Cape Cod houses became especially popular during the 1930s and later. Developers and architects anticipated a building boom after World War II. Pattern books and catalogs flourished and publications held design competitions for practical, affordable dwellings to be bought by a burgeoning American middle class. The most successful marketeer  who promoted the Cape Cod style is considered to be the architect Royal Barry Wills, a  Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-educated marine engineer.  Although Willss designs do indeed breathe sentiment, charm, and even sentimentality, their dominant characteristics are reticence, modesty of scale, and traditional proportions, writes art historian David Gebhard. Their small size and scale exuded puritanical simplicity on the outside and tightly organized spaces on the inside - a combination that Gebhard likens to the inner workings of a marine vessel. Wills won many competitions with his practical house plans. In 1938 a Midwestern family chose a Wills design for being more functional and affordable than a competing design by the famous Frank Lloyd Wright. Houses for Good Living in 1940 and Better Houses for Budgeteers in 1941 were two of Wills most popular pattern books written for all the dreaming men and women waiting for the end of World War II. With floor plans, sketches, and Dollar Savers from an Architects Handbook, Wills spoke to a generation of dreamers, knowing that the U.S. government was willing to back up that dream with GI Bill benefits. Inexpensive and mass-produced, these 1,000-square-foot houses filled a need for the rush of soldiers returning from the war. In New Yorks famous Levittown housing development, factories churned out as many as 30 four-bedroom Cape Cod houses in a single day. Cape Cod house plans were heavily marketed in the 1940s and 1950s. Twentieth century Cape Cod houses share many features with their colonial ancestors, but there are key differences. A modern-day Cape will usually have finished rooms on the second story, with large dormers to expand the living space. With the addition of central heating, the chimney of a 20th century Cape Cod is often more conveniently placed at the side of the house instead of the center. The shutters on modern Cape Cod houses are strictly decorative (they cant be closed during a storm), and the double-hung or casement windows are often single-paned, perhaps with faux grills. As 20th century industry produced more construction materials, exterior siding changed with the times - from traditional wood shingles to clapboard, board-and-batten, cement shingles, brick or stone, and aluminum or vinyl siding. The most modern of adaptations for the 20th century would be the garage facing front so the neighbors knew you owned an automobile. Additional rooms attached to the side or rear created a design that some people have called Minimal Traditional, a very sparse mashup of the Cape Cod and Ranch style houses. Cape Cod Bungalow Cottage Modern-day Cape Cod architecture often mingles with other styles. It is not unusual to find hybrid houses that combine Cape Cod features with Tudor cottage, Ranch styles, Arts and Crafts or Craftsman bungalow. A bungalow is a small home, but its use is often reserved for a more Arts and Crafts design.  A cottage is used more often to amplify the house style described here. The Dictionary of Architecture and Construction defines a Cape Cod cottage as a rectangular frame house with low one-story eaves, white clapboarded or shingle walls, gabled roof, large central chimney, and front door located on one of the long sides; a style frequently used for small houses in the New England colonies during the18th cent. The names we attach to our residential architecture is telling of the times. People who live in small Cape Cod styles homes will rarely use the word cottage to describe where they live. People of means, however, with enough money to have a summer home, might describe their second (or third) home as a cottage - as happened during the Gilded Age with the mansion-cottages of Newport, Rhode Island and elsewhere. Sources Baker, John Milnes. American House Styles: A Concise Guide. Norton, 2002capelinks.com. Cape Cod How Can You Recognize an Original Cape Cod Style House?   capelinks.com/cape-cod/main/entry/how-can-you-recognise-an-original-cape-cod-style-house/Gebhard, David. Royal Barry Wills and the American Colonial Revival. Winterthur Portfolio, Vol. 27,  No. 1 (Spring, 1992), The University of Chicago Press, p. 51Goldstein, Karin. The Enduring Cape Cod House. Pilgrim Hall Museum. pilgrimhall.org/pdf/Cape_Cod_House.pdf  Harris, Cyril M. ed. Dictionary of Architecture and Construction. McGraw-Hill, p. 85Library of Congress. Cape Cod Houses Recorded by the Historic American Buildings Survey. July 2003. loc.gov/rr/print/list/170_cape.htmlMcAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. Knopf, 1984, 2013Old House Online. Cape Cod Cottage History of Cape Cod Architecture. August 4, 2010. https://www.oldhouseonline.com/house-tours/original-cape-cod-cottage Walker, Lester. American Shelter: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the American Home. Overlook, 1998

Crime Prevention Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Crime Prevention Strategy - Essay Example d finally coming up with actionable strategies for dealing with the crime problem, to be recommended to the Tucson Police Department and all leveraging the SARA model as the overall framework for the exercise (Center for Problem-Oriented Policing, 2013; Hoffman, Legosz, and Budz, 2005; City of Tucson, 2013). The City of Tucson Police Department details incidences of major crimes in the city over a period from 1997 to 2001 and breaks down statistics for different crimes. The plots reveal a general downward trend in incidences of crimes from homicides to arson to and robberies, with some crimes peaking in some years and some in other years in the early part of the last decade, with the exception of drug-related crimes, or so-called â€Å"Narcotic Drug Law Cases†, which have been relatively sticky and persistent over the observation period, varying over a relatively narrow range and generally being intractable from 1997 all the way to 2011, with the rates actually peaking and the n returning to 1997 levels in the intervening period of time. This is the chosen crime problem for the purposes of this discussion. It is worth noting that as of 2011, the incidence of such crimes is recorded at about 1,000 per 100,000 persons living in the city, an uptick from the 900 per 100,000 persons recorded in 1997 (City of Tucson, 2013b, p. 8). II. Discussion A. The Crime Problem, Qualitative and Quantitative Measures The plot below details the occurrence of the narcotic drug law crime problem in the city of Tucson from 1997 to 2011, as earlier mentioned, showing the relative stubbornness or persistence of this crime problem over time (City of Tucson, 2013b, p. 8): Graph Source: City of Tuczon, 2013b, p. 8 In the plot above, one can see that from 1997 to 2011, there was a considerable uptick in the drug crime problem in the city, with the last set of figures from 2003 to 2011 seeing the city facing a seesaw battle with the problem over time, and with the rates stubbornly hig her compared to the rates that were recorded in the latter part of the last century (City of Tuczon, 2013b), In contrast to this crime problem, the city seems to have fared better battling other crimes, which as can be shown from corresponding plots have been on downward trends after peaking at various points in the intervening years from 1997 to 2011. From a strategic point of view, there is value in further examining this problem in hopes of helping the Tuczon Police Department deal with the stubborn drug problem and improve the statistics in line with the progress that has been made dealing and briging down the incidence of other major crimes (City of Tuczon, 2013). From the field, we are able to get qualitative counterparts to the drug statistics provided by the police department above. One can classify the drug problem in Tucson as consisting of two main parts, one having to do with prescription drug abuse, which has the aid of health care workers in some cases, and one having to do with the trade in illegal substances such as crystal meth, which

The Effects of Digital Technologies on Cinema Assignment - 1

The Effects of Digital Technologies on Cinema - Assignment Example Development of color component allowed the color to be photographically recorded directly from nature instead of artificial/manual addition of black and white colors to prints (Ceram, 1965). Digital cinema is defined as the use of digital technology to project and distribute motion pictures.   The process of doing this is called digital cinematography. Therefore cinematography is defined as the use of digital technologies to capture motion pictures in the form of digital images instead of capturing them on a film. The images are captured on hard disks, tapes, flash memory and other media capable of recording digital data. Examples of such digital film-making technologies are Phantom HD High-Speed camera, Thomson Viper, Red Digital camera, Genesis, Aeroflex D-20 and now 2K d-cinema and digital projectors. The introduction of such technologies has ushered in yet another new era of digital cinematography (Barda, 2002).   Digital imagery existed as from the 1980s as evidenced by Disney’s Tron produced in 1982. This was the first movie to contain high-resolution. However, the first film in digital format was marketed in 1997. From that time henceforth, cinema has experienced technical and social changes as a result of digital technology. The visual components of digital cinema are an important source of its worldwide attraction.   Some of the effects of digital technologies on cinema are positive while others are negative. For example, the new technology has diluted the real meaning of cinema by creating increasing levels of artificialism. Even as we consider the effects of digital technology on cinema, we cannot ignore the persistent relevance that pre-digital filming methods and practices still hold for the current digital cinema (Kotian, 2005). The arrival of the digital technologies brought a sharp division between the old and new media.