Answer 2 Q only Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Answer 2 Q only - Essay Example They are no longer adequate in advancing the brand. It has to be remembered that in an effective IMC unites the organization’s marketing effort to be able to have a clear and coherent message about the company and its products that is represented by its brand. TV, Radio, Bill-Board or Newsprint and Sales Promotion as marketing medium while effective in creating and reinforcing a brand, is no longer as potent as it used to be. Consumers are getting sophisticated and are now highly diversified that traditional media no longer suffices in delivering brand. New mediums such as web presence should be included in creating a brand in modern marketing keep the marketing effort of a company relevant and updated. Web presence does not only reaches the most number of people at the least cost but is also effective in creating an identity of the product through its various features. It adds value to the brand not just be efficiently delivering brand information to the market but also by delivering the right message to the market crucial in creating a brand. It can also consolidate the marketing efforts of Nestle such as in its website www.nestle.com where its web presence was able to consolidate its presence around the world giving the market a clearer picture of the brand and its reach. Q3. Find a celebrity who is currently appearing in an advertisement for a particular company and/or its brand, and then use McCrackens Meaning Transfer Model shown in Figure 6-4 to analyze the use of this individual as an endorser/spokesperson for the company and/or brand. How valuable is McCrackens model to the field of celebrity endorsement? The classic example of a celebrity who is currently appearing in an advertisement for a particular company and/or its brand that uses McCrackens Meaning Transfer Model is Manny Pacquiao, the 8 Division World Champion in Boxing. His magnificent rose from

School Inspections Improve School Quality Education Essay

School Inspections Improve School Quality Education Essay Introduction This critical appraisal of a research article entitled Do school inspections improve school quality? Ofsted inspections and school examination results in the UK looks at the research methodology, style and approach adopted by the writer, Leslie Rosenthal. The article has been chosen as it discusses whether the inspection process, that has been designed to improve standards in schools, actually make exam results worse, in particularly in the year during inspection. If the researchers theory is found to be correct, this would lead to questions about the effectiveness, and value for money of the inspection process. The objectives for carrying out a critical appraisal of this piece of research are to identify the research approach that has been adopted the research style that has been used the intended research population how information will be gained from the research population the research instruments used any other considerations such as validity, reliability and credibility Each of the objectives will be discussed in turn, making explicit reference to the research article and current research methods literature. A summary of findings will be presented at the end of the assignment. Background Leslie Rosenthal (2004) states that Improving the quality of state-funded secondary school education remains a major explicit policy aim in the UK and is the central means by which state-provided education in the UK is now regulated, though a system of inspections carried out by the Office of Standards in Education (Ofsted), set up in 1992. Research has been conducted which looks at the exam results of state-funded ,non-selective English secondary schools that had been inspected during the year of the exams. Rosenthal, L. (2004) describes the research as empirical research several times throughout the text. The data used for the research has come from publicly available material based on the exam success of 15-16 year old students in state-funded school. This measure of performance, from secondary school performance tables, is used to test the proposition that in the year of an Ofsted inspection, the measure of the quality of the school changes. Empirical research is described as research of any phenomenon that results in outwardly measurable criteria, or can be verified by observation or used to derive a particular interpretation, (Opie, C. 2006). Empirical research lends itself to quantitative approaches in educational research in order to lead to generalisability. This means that the research findings can be applied to other settings than where they where originally founded in order to show that the statement is true (CEM, 2009).This could be important to empirical or experimental research where the research design may not be ethical or practical in the required setting, but the results could be compared from another setting. Empirical research is described by Verma and Mallick (2004) as the starting point to a research problem, with a view to explaining important factors or what happened after the research has been carried out. This implies that the research has been carried out with an open mind and results should not b e corrupt or biased. Rosenthal carried out empirical research using data from the year previous to, and post Ofsted inspection to confirm the validity and generalisability of the results obtained (these terms will be discussed in more detail under objective 6). The purpose of this is to show that there exists a small negative effect on exam results during the year that Ofsted inspects a school, even though the general philosophy of the agencys approach is described by its own motto as Improvement through Inspection, and one of their four objectives is to raise standards of achievement by students in exams (Ofsted, 1995). Objective 1 Identify the research approach that has been adopted The overall approach to the research that was carried out by Rosenthal was a quantitative approach. Bryman, (2008) describes quantitative research as deductive and testing theory rather than being inductive or generating theory as with qualitative analysis. The theoretical and conceptual structure of the research is determined before testing it through empirical observation. Quantitative research is not merely number crunching but is the use of theory to deduce a hypothesis. Primary or secondary information is then gathered to test the hypothesis. Primary information research involves gathering new data by means of written questionnaire, survey, or face to face and telephone interviews. However, Rosenthal used secondary information, which is research or information that has already been collected by somebody else, in this case, Government officials collecting data about schools to measure attainment and performance. To carry out quantitative research, any information, whether from primary or secondary sources, needs to be processed in some way in order to quantify it. Rosenthal has used statistical measures to analyse the secondary data and show the effects of Ofsted inspections in school quality. Opie, (2006) describes quantitative research as being objective and positivistic as opposed to subjective and anti-positivistic. Objectivity can be defined as unbiased and open-minded, and that only one interpretation or meaning can be drawn from the data, where as a subjective point of view is regarded as belonging to an individual as a result of their own consciousness or thought. Subjectivity is not based on facts that can be demonstrated or observed, but could in fact be interpreted in different ways. This piece of research has been based on facts from secondary information, and independent variables that could have a positive or negative effect on results have been tested to ensure that the results are unbiased and can not be interpreted in different ways therefore demonstrating the quantitative nature of the research. Objective 2 Identify the research style that has been used The style of research that has been adopted by the researcher is Evaluation Research. According to Burton Bartlett (2005), evaluation research is used to assess the effectiveness of specific projects to see if the original aims have been met. Rosenthal states that the objective of the research is to investigate the direct influence of Ofsted inspections on exam performance of inspected schools for the year of the inspection, as one of the four objectives for inspection is to raise the standards of achievement by students (in exams). In other words, the research has been carried out to evaluate how effective the inspection process has been at raising student achievement in exams at GCSE level. Evaluation research is often funded by government in order to evaluate the effectiveness of policies or procedures, and can be broken down into formative and summative evaluation. According to Trochim and Donnelly (2007) formative evaluation research is carried out during a program or activity in order to form the direction or strengthen the outcomes of the activity. The formative research is used as a method of improving the quality of an activity by looking at the needs, conceptualisation, implementation and processes of the activity. Summative evaluation research looks to summarise the activity in terms of meeting objectives, cost-analysis and impact. The research may be conducted to improve performance or processes if the activity is to be repeated, or to carry out secondary analysis, which re-examines existing data to answer new questions that may have arisen from the activity. Rosenthals research is summative as it is not intended to improve the processes of inspection, but to summarise whether or not the inspection has met its own objectives of raising standards of achievement in exams. Objective 3 Identify the intended research population The indented research population is clearly stated by Rosenthal, in section 4 of the report as state-funded, non-selective English secondary schools that serve students up to 16 years. State-funded schools that are selective on the basis of religion (voluntary aided, voluntary assisted and special agreement schools) and/or on the basis of academic ability (grammar and secondary modern, and selective grant maintained schools) have been excluded from the study. Only those schools that were inspected under Section 10 of the 1992 Education (Schools) Act were included in the study and not those classed as failing or having serious weaknesses. Data was gathered from approximately 2,300 schools inspected during the years 1993/4 to 1997/8 with some 2,700 Ofsted inspections taking place. Under Section 10 of the 1992 Educations (Schools) Act, schools were to be inspected at least once in every four year cycle; therefore around one quarter of the 2,300 schools would be inspected each year, duri ng the four year research period. The exact figures have been shown in table form in section 4 (Data and method) by Rosenthal. Objective 4 Identify how information will be gained from the research population The information needed to carry out the empirical research was, and still is, freely available in the public domain for use by Rosenthal. Rosenthal references the web address for Secondary School Performance Tables (or Achievement and Attainment Tables as they are now called) and these tables are published annually on the Department for Children, Schools and Families website (http://www.dcsf.gov.uk/performancetables/) and in national newspapers. Information contained in these performance tables includes the official measures of exam success of 15-16 year old students at GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) level or equivalent. The data collected focuses specifically on the number of GCSE passes at grades A* C in each school year of the research period 1993/4 to 1997/8. Objective 5 Identify the research instruments used Secondary data analysis has been carried out by Rosenthal. As discussed in objective one, secondary data is information that has been gathered previously by another person for some purpose, rather than information which is being gathered for the first time as with primary data. The data that Rosenthal used was gathered by the Department for Education and Skills (DfES), and published in the annual league tables that shows the performance of a school in terms of attainment and achievement, pupil attendance and proportion of students with Special Education Needs (SEN) [DCSF accessed on 4th March 10]. Objective 6 Identify any other considerations such as validity, reliability and credibility Summary of findings

Tuscany & Siena Essay example -- History Historical Tuscany Europe Pap

Tuscany & Siena The central region of Tuscany includes the following provinces:? Arezzo, Grosseto, Florence, Leghorn, Lucca, Mass-Carrara, Pisa, Pistoia, and Siena.? The total area of this region is 8.877 square miles. A Chorological History of Tuscany The word Tuscany comes from the Tusci, Tuscans or Etruscans.? Etruria (their country) at one time comprised Tuscany and the northern part of Lazio.? Charlemagne occupied northern Italy in the 8th century AD, at which time the name of Tuscia or Toscana became restricted to the area.? The counts of Lucca then utilized the region as a frontier district.1 In the 10th century, the House of the Attoni of Canossa rose to power.? After this period, prosperous towns began to assert their independence; the rise of communes in Italy had begun.? In Tuscany, the first communes were Pisa, Lucca, and Pistoia, as well as Siena, Florence, and Arezzo.? After Matilda of Tuscany (a decendant of the House of the Attoni of Canossa) died in 1115, a struggle over the region ensued between the popes and the emperors.? As a result, the Tuscan cities further confirmed their independence.2 In the 12th and 13th centuries, Pisa, backed by Siena and Pistoia, was contested by Florence, Lucca, and Genoa.? After being defeated by Genoa, Florence rose to be the leading city of Tuscany.? In Florence, the standard form of Italian was being developed through the Tuscan dialect of that region.3 The Medici dynasty then ruled Florence for most of the later medieval history.? The Medici?s were the most powerful family in Italy, and had gained their wealth in banking.4? Most famous of the Medici?s is Loreno il Magnifico, or Lorenzo the Magnificent.? During his rule, he continued to support the atmospher... ...d.? p. 33. 8 Ibid.? p. 34. 9-10 Italy:? Tuscany. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica.? 15th edition.? 1992.? p. 253. 11-13 ?Ibid.? p. 253. 14-15 ?Ibid.? p. 254. 16 Jepson, Tim.? The National Geographic Traveler:? Florence & Tuscany.? Willard, Ohio:? R.R. Donnelley & Sons.? 2001.? p. 194. 17-18 Ibid.? p. 196. 19 Ibid.? p. 204. 20 Ibid.? p. 194-195. 21 Ibid.? p. 204. 22? Ibid.? p. 10. 23-24 Ibid.? p. 227. 25 Ibid.? p. 232. 26-27 Ibid.? p. 266. 28-29 Ibid.? p. 274. 30 Ibid.? p. 275. 31 Ibid.? p. 49. Additional sources of note: Bethemont, Jacques, and Jean Pelletier.? Italy:? A geographical introduction.? New York:? Longman.? 1983. Hook, Judith.? Siena:? A City and its History.? London:? Hamish Hamilton.? 1979. Schevill, Ferdinand.? Siena:? The History of a Medieval Commune.? New York, New York:? Harper.? 1937.

Religious Freedom

Religious freedom occupies a special place in contemporary political discussions. It should not. This is not because religious freedom is not important but because it is no more and no less important than other forms of freedom of conscience, belief and practice. 2 Many believers point out that faith plays a unique role in their lives. That is often true. Those atheists who dismiss belief in God as no more credible than belief in Santa Claus or in fairies miss the point.Religion is more than an intellectual exercise or a matter of logic; it often has, for believers, a vital social and spiritual function. But acknowledging the vital and unique role of faith in the lives of believers does not commit us to providing it with a privileged position in society. 3 The reason that religious freedom has a special place in contemporary political debate is historical. Ideas of tolerance and of freedom of expression developed in Europe from the seventeenth century onwards primarily within a relig ious framework.Questions of toleration and expression were at heart questions of how, and how far, the state, and the established church, should accommodate religious dissent. We can see this in the arguments of John Locke, whose Letter Concerning Toleration is a key text in the development of modern liberal ideas about freedom of expression and worship. Locke’s starting point was the insistence that the duty of every individual was to seek his own salvation. The means to do so were his religious beliefs and the ability openly to worship.The power of the political authorities could not rightfully extend over either sphere. Written at a time when Europe was rent by tempestuous religious strife, and when intolerance and persecution were the norm, Locke’s was a powerful argument for religious freedom. It was also an exceedingly narrow conception of liberty. Locke’s toleration was rooted primarily in the desire to extend freedom of worship and theological discussion to nonconformist congregations and placed little emphasis on wider issues of freedom of thought or conscience.Indeed Locke was emphatic in refusing to extend toleration to many other groups. Neither Catholics not atheists were, in Locke’s view, deserving of tolerance, the former because they gave their allegiance to a ‘foreign prince’, the latter because their opinions were ‘contrary to human society’ and ‘to the preservation of civil society’. 4 Locke’s near contemporary, the Dutch philosopher Baruch Spinoza, whose views influenced the Radical Enlightenment, proposed a different concept of tolerance.Spinoza’s starting point, was not, as it was for Locke, the salvation of one’s soul, or the coexistence of churches, but the enhancement of freedom, and the quest for individual liberty and freedom of expression. All attempts to curb free expression, he insisted, not only curtailed legitimate freedom but was futile. â⠂¬ËœNo man†¦ can give up his freedom to judge and think as he pleases, and everyone is by absolute natural right master of his own thoughts’, Spinoza wrote, so ‘it follows that utter failure will attend any attempt in a state to force men to speak only as prescribed by the sovereign despite their different and opposing opinion.’ ’The right of the sovereign, both in the religious and secular spheres’, he concluded, ‘should be restricted to men’s actions, with everyone being allowed to think what he wishes and say what he thinks’. It is a more inclusive vision of freedom than Locke’s, and a more useful starting point – and conclusion – when thinking about contemporary freedom. 5 Modern ideas of freedom and tolerance are usually seen, particularly in the West, as having derived from Locke. In fact they draw upon both Locke and Spinoza. The US First Amendment owes much to Spinoza’s conception of freed om.Even in Europe, where freedom of expression is construed in narrower terms, Spinoza’s influence remains important, if unacknowledged. However, despite the broadening of the conception of liberty and tolerance, the idea that freedom of religion is a special freedom, an idea that derives primarily from Locke, remains entrenched. 6 Today, we live in very different world from that in which concepts of religious freedom first developed. Religion is no longer the crucible within which political and intellectual debates take place.Questions of freedom and tolerance are not about how the dominant religious establishment should respond to dissenting religious views, but about the degree to which society should tolerate, and the law permit, speech and activity that might be offensive, hateful, harmful to individuals or undermine national security. We can now see more clearly that religious freedom is not a special kind of liberty but one of a broader set of freedoms. If we were thin k about religious freedom from first principles today, it would not have a special place compared to other forms of freedom of conscience, belief, assembly or action.7 Whatever one’s beliefs, secular or religious, there should be complete freedom to express them, short of inciting violence or other forms of physical harm to others. Whatever one’s beliefs, secular or religious, there should be freedom to assemble to promote them. And whatever one’s beliefs, secular or religious, there should be freedom to act upon those beliefs, so long as in so doing one neither physically harms another individual without their consent, nor transgresses that individual’s rights in the public sphere.These should be the fundamental principles by which we judge the permissibility of any belief or act, whether religious or secular. 8 Many on both sides of the debate about religious freedom continue to treat religion as special. Many atheists want to deny religion the rights a ccorded to others forms of belief. Many religious believers want to retain privileges for religion. Both are wrong. 9 Some atheists argue that secularism requires that religion be kept out of the public sphere.It is an argument that cannot be right any more than the claim that the views of racists, conservatives, communists or gay activists must be kept out of the public sphere. A secular space cannot be one in which religion is not permitted to be present. It is, rather, a space in which one religion is granted no advantage over another, nor over any secular philosophy or ideology. It must also be one, however, in which no religion is disadvantaged with respect to another religion, or with respect to secular philosophies and ideologies. 10Many atheists demand also that religious symbols be banned in the public sphere. Many states and corporations have imposed such bans, from the refusal to allow the wearing of the cross in the workplace to the outlawing of the burqa in public place s. Such bans are infringements of the basic freedoms set out in #7. An employer has every right to ban kinds of clothing that might be, say, dangerous in a particular workplace. He or she also has the right, in certain circumstances, and within limits, to insist that employees wear a particular uniform, or to desist from wearing something inappropriate.But there should be no general ban on particular forms of clothing or adornment, and certainly no general ban on specifically religious clothing or symbols. 11 The real dilemmas with religious freedom arise out of questions not of beliefs or symbols but of practices. Many beliefs, religious and secular, imply particular practices. The belief that homosexuality is a sin requires that one refrain from gay relationships or gay sex. The belief that life begins at conception requires that one does not have an abortion or help anyone else to do so.And so on. As a society we should tolerate as far as is possible the desire of people to live according to their conscience. But that toleration ends when someone acting upon his or her conscience causes harm to another without consent, or infringes another’s genuine rights. 12 It is not just in the case of religion that there is a strong relationship between belief and practice. Racists, communists, Greens, New Age mystics – all could claim that their beliefs enforce upon them certain actions or practices.We do not, however, allow racists, communists, Greens, or New Age mystics to act upon their beliefs if in so doing they harm others or deny them their legitimate rights. A racist pub owner cannot bar black people from his pub, however deep-set his beliefs. It would be a criminal offence for Greens to destroy a farmer’s field of legally grown GM crops, however strongly they might feel about such agriculture. There is a line, in other words, that cannot be crossed even if conscience requires one to. That line should be in the same place for religious bel ievers as for non-believers.Society should accommodate as far as is possible any action genuinely required by conscience, but not where such acts harms another or infringes their rights. Of course, a religious believer might claim that he or she faces a different kind of compulsion to that felt by a racist, a communist or anyone else attached to secular beliefs. He or she may feel commanded by God to act in a particular way. It may well be true that a believer feels a different kind of compulsion. But the reason for which someone feels compelled to act in a particular way is not necessarily relevant to whether or not such acts should be legally permitted. 13The fact that acts of conscience may sometimes have to be curbed does not mean that in these cases there is a ‘conflict of rights’. Just as there is a right to free speech but no right not to be offended, so there is a right not to be harmed and to equal treatment, but no right to harm or to discriminate. This is ess ential to protect religious freedom. An atheist bar-owner should have no right, whatever his conscience may say, to bar people of faith, any more than a Christian bar-owner has the right to bar gays. Such curbs on acts of conscience simply mean that we live not alone on a desert island but together in a crowded society.14 How would the argument so far throw light on recent conflicts over matters of religious freedom? Should religions have the right to prevent the publication of cartoons or books or plays that are deemed offensive? No. Religious freedom requires that people of faith be allowed to speak or act in ways that might offend others. It does not that require others do not cause offence or promote blasphemy. Is it legitimate for a state to ban the burqa? It is not. Wearing a burqa neither harms, nor discriminates against, others.Of course, one might well believe that the burqa harms the woman who wears it and is an expression of discrimination against women. A liberal society accepts, however, that individuals should free to make choices that may not be in their interest and that, to liberal eyes, demean them. This applies even to particularly distasteful expressions of degradation, such as the wearing of the burqa. If women are forced to wear the burqa against their will, the law should protect them against that coercion. It should not, however, impose a ban on those who have chosen to wear the burqa.Some suggest that burqas cause harm because they may pose security problems, or be incompatible with the needs of particular jobs. Such practical problems can usually be solved on a case-by-case basis without the need for draconian legislation. Should an employee be allowed to wear a cross at work? In almost every case the answer should be ‘Yes’. There may be a pragmatic case for, say, banning loose chains that in certain workplaces may be dangerous; but it is difficult to see what right an employer has simply to ban the wearing of a cross as a religious symbol.Should gay marriage be legalized? Yes. This is a matter both of secular equality and of religious freedom. On the one hand, the state should not exclude gays from the civil institution of marriage simply because of religious hostility. On the other, some faith groups wish to bless to gay marriage. For the state to deny them that right because other faith groups disagree would be to undermine religious freedom. What the state should not do is to force religious bodies to accept or consecrate gay marriage. Should a Catholic adoption agency be allowed to turn away gay prospective parents?If the agency receives public funding, or performs a service on behalf of the state, then the answer is ‘No’. It would then be legitimate for the state to insist that the agency does not discriminate, despite Catholic views on homosexuality. If, however, it is a private agency – if it is simply performing a service for Catholic parents who subscribe to its views o n homosexuality – then the answer should be ‘Yes’. Should Christian bed and breakfast owners be allowed to turn away gays? Such owners, even if they are turning their own home into a b’n’b, are providing a service from which a gay couple could reasonably expect equal treatment.The answer, therefore, is ‘No’. Should Catholic-run hospitals or schools be forced to give employees health insurance that includes free contraception? This is, of course, a source of major controversy in the USA. The answer is ‘Yes’. This is not a matter of religious freedom, but of employee rights. Churches are not being forced to provide contraception. In their role as secular employers, they are being asked to provide employee benefits that all employers must provide. To exempt Church-run organizations would be to deny those benefits to a particular group of employees. 15Having said all this, many of these conflicts would be better resolved throug h the pragmatic use of common sense than through the strict application of principle, particularly when those principles remain socially contested. A religious believer should not normally have the legal right to discriminate. But if it is possible to arrange matters so that a believer can act according to conscience without causing harm or discrimination to others, then it might be worthwhile doing so. In principle, a Christian marriage registrar should expect to have to perform gay civil partnerships, whatever their religious beliefs.However, it might make pragmatic sense to roster others to perform ceremonies for gay couples, not because we should accept prejudice – prejudice, whether religious or secular in form, should always be challenged – but in acknowledgement of the fact that genuine social conflict exists on this issue. We should not give an inch to bigotry. Someone whose ‘conscience’ would not allow them to work with gays, or to marry Jews, sho uld clearly not be indulged. Nevertheless, many oppose gay partnerships or marriages as a matter of conscience and not simply through homophobia (albeit that ‘conscience’ can, of course, often be a cover for homophobia).We can both challenge such attitudes and accept that on matters of genuine conscience, a little leeway or accommodation that allows someone to live by their principles may be desirable. The law should not make any such accommodation. But as individuals, or as organizations, it may be wise to, though not at the cost of causing harm, allowing discrimination or endorsing bigotry. 16 There are exceptional cases in which we should set aside these basic principles. A marriage registrar should be expected in principle, if not necessarily in practice, to perform gay civil partnerships.But we should not expect a doctor or a nurse, even in principle, to perform an abortion, if they feel to do so is against their beliefs. Whatever we may think of the belief that li fe begins at conception, it would be unreasonable in the extreme to expect those who do hold that belief to commit what they consider to be murder. 17 A pragmatic approach to matters of religious conscience is neither a sign of ‘weakness’ nor a matter of ‘accommodating’ the devil. Standing by political principle is vitally important, including the principle that people should have the right to act upon their conscience if possible.Why is that principle important? Because we recognize with Spinoza that ‘No man can give up his freedom to judge and think as he pleases, and everyone is by absolute natural right master of his own thoughts’. To recognize that is to recognize also that it is better if people are persuaded to act in a particular way, by exercising their freedom to judge and think, than being forced to do so by the power of the state. There are times when the state has to wield the big stick, particularly if ‘acts of conscienceâ⠂¬â„¢ lead to physical harm or discrimination.But such occasions, as a matter of principle, should be minimized as far as possible. To be pragmatic in this matter is to keep to one’s principles. 18 The aim of rethinking religious freedom is to strengthen, not weaken, it. It is to establish it not as a special privilege arising out of the turmoil of seventeenth century Europe but as one of a set of indispensible freedoms rooted in the needs and possibilities of the twenty-first century world. To defend religious freedom in this manner is not to defend religion. It is to defend freedom.

Fool Chapter 10

TEN ALL YOUR DREAD PLEASURES The sky threatened a dismal dawn as we reached Castle Albany. The drawbridge was up. â€Å"Who goes there?† shouted the sentry. â€Å"‘Tis Lear's fool, Pocket, and his man at arms, Caius.† Caius is the name the witches gave Kent to use to bind his disguise. They'd cast a glamour on him: his beard and hair were now jet black, as if by nature, not soot, his face lean and weathered, only his eyes, as brown and gentle as a moo cow's, showed the real Kent. I advised him to pull down the wide brim of his hat should we encounter old acquaintances. â€Å"Where in bloody hell have you been?† asked the sentry. He signaled and the bridge ground down. â€Å"The old king's nearly torn the county apart looking for you. Accused our lady of tying a rock to you and casting you in the North Sea, he did.† â€Å"Seems a spot o' bother. I must have grown in her esteem. Just last night she was only going to hang me.† â€Å"Last night? You drunken sot, we've been looking for you for a month.† I looked at Kent and he at me, then we at the sentry. â€Å"A month?† â€Å"Bloody witches,† said Kent under his breath. â€Å"If you turn up we're to take you to our lady immediately,† said the sentry. â€Å"Oh, please do, gentle guard, your lady does so love seeing me at first light.† The sentry scratched his beard and seemed to be thinking. â€Å"Well spoken, fool. Perhaps you lot could do with some breakfast and a wash-up before I take you to my lady.† The drawbridge thumped into place. I led Kent across, and the sentry met us by the inner gate. â€Å"Beggin' your pardon, sir,† the sentry said, directing his speech to Kent. â€Å"You wouldn't mind waiting until eight bells to reveal the fool's return, would you?† â€Å"That when you're off watch, lad?† â€Å"Aye, sir. I'm not sure I want to be the bearer of the joyous news of the wayward fool's arrival. The king's knights have been raising rabble round the castle for a fortnight and I've heard our lady cursing the Black Fool as part of the cause.† â€Å"Blamed even in my absence?† said I. â€Å"I told you, Caius, she adores me.† Kent patted the sentry on the shoulder. â€Å"We'll escort ourselves, lad, and tell your lady we came through the gate with the merchants in the morning. Now, back to your post.† â€Å"Thank you, good sir. But for your rough clothes, I'd take you for a gentleman.† â€Å"But for my clothes, I'd be one,† said Kent, his grin a dazzle amid his newly-black beard. â€Å"Oh, for fuck's sake, would you two just have a gobble on each other's knob and be done with it,† said I. The two soldiers leapt back as if each was on fire. â€Å"Sorry, just having you on,† said I, as I breezed by them and into the castle. â€Å"You poofters are such a sensitive lot.† â€Å"I'm not a poofter,† said Kent as we approached Goneril's chambers. Midmorning. The time in between allowed us to eat, wash, do some writing, and ascertain that we had, indeed, been gone for over a month, despite it seeming only overnight to us. Perhaps that was the hags' payment? To extract a month from our lives in exchange for the spells, potions, and prognostication – it seemed a fair price, but bloody complicated to explain. Oswald sat at a scribe's desk outside the duchess's chambers. I laughed and wagged Jones under his nose. â€Å"Still guarding the door like a common footman, then, Oswald? Oh, the years have been good to you.† Oswald wore only a dagger at his belt, no sword, but his hand fell to it as he stood. Kent dropped his hand to his sword and shook his head gravely. Oswald sat back down on his stool. â€Å"I'll have you know that I'm both steward and chamberlain, as well as trusted adviser to the duchess.† â€Å"A veritable quiver of titles she's given you to sling. Tell me, do you still answer to toady and catch-fart, or are those titles only honorary now?† â€Å"All better than common fool,† Oswald spat. â€Å"True, I am a fool, and also true, I am common, but I am no common fool, catch-fart. I am the Black Fool, I have been sent for, and I shall be given entry to your lady's chambers, while you, fool, sit by the door. Announce me.† I believe Oswald growled then. A new trick he'd learned since the old days. He'd always tried to cast my title as an insult, and boiled that I took it as a tribute. Would he ever understand that he found favor with Goneril not because of his groveling or devotion, but because he was so easily humiliated? Good, I suppose, that he'd learned to growl, beaten down dog that he was. He stormed through the heavy door, then returned a minute later. He would not look me in the eye. â€Å"My lady will see you now,† he said. â€Å"But only you. This ruffian can wait in the kitchen.† â€Å"Wait here, ruffian,† said I to Kent. â€Å"And make some effort not to bugger poor Oswald here, no matter how he should beg for it.† â€Å"I'm not a poofter,† said Kent. â€Å"Not with this villain, you're not,† said I. â€Å"His bum is property of the princess.† â€Å"I'll see you hanged, fool,† said Oswald. â€Å"Aroused by the thought, are you, Oswald? No matter, you'll not have my ruffian. Adieu.† Then I was through the doors, and into Goneril's chambers. Goneril sat to the back of a great, round room. Her quarters were housed in a full tower of the castle. Three floors: this hall for meeting and business, another floor above it would have rooms for her ladies, her wardrobe, bathing and dressing, the top would be where she slept and played, if she still played. â€Å"Do you still play, pumpkin?† I asked. I danced a tight-stepped jig and bowed. Goneril waved her ladies away. â€Å"Pocket, I'll have you – â€Å" â€Å"Oh, I know, hanged at dawn, head on a pike, guts for garters, drawn and quartered, impaled, disemboweled, beaten, and made into bangers and mash – all your dread pleasures visited on me with glorious cruelty – all stipulated, lady – duly noted and taken as truth. Now, how may a humble fool serve before his hour of doom descends?† She twisted up her lip as if to snarl, then burst out laughing and quickly looked around to make sure that no one saw her. â€Å"I will, you know – you horrible, wicked little man.† â€Å"Wicked? Moi?† said I in perfect fucking French. â€Å"Tell no one,† she said. It had always been that way with Goneril. Her â€Å"tell no one,† however, applied only to me, not to her, I had found out. â€Å"Pocket,† she once said, brushing her red-gold hair near a window, where it caught the sun and seemed to shine as if from within. She was perhaps seventeen then, and had gotten in the habit of calling me to her chambers several times a week and questioning me mercilessly. â€Å"Pocket, I am to be married soon, and I am mystified by man bits. I've heard them described, but that's not helping.† â€Å"Ask your nurse. Isn't she supposed to teach you about such things?† â€Å"Auntie's a nun, and married to Jesus. A virgin.† â€Å"You don't say? She went to the wrong bloody convent, then.† â€Å"I need to talk to a man, but not a proper man. You are like one of those fellows that Saracens have look over their harems.† â€Å"A eunuch?† â€Å"See, you are worldly and know of things. I need to see your willie.† â€Å"Pardon? What? Why?† â€Å"Because I've never seen one, and I don't want to seem naà ¯ve on my wedding night when the depraved brute ravages me.† â€Å"How do you know he's a depraved brute?† â€Å"Auntie told me. All men are. Now, out with your willie, fool.† â€Å"Why my willie? There's willies aplenty you can look at. What about Oswald? He may even have one, or knows where you can get hold of one, I'll wager.† (Oswald was her footman then.) â€Å"I know, but this is my first, and yours will be small and not so frightening. It's like when I was learning to ride, and first father gave me a pony, but then, as I got older†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"All right, then, shut up. Here.† â€Å"Oh, would you look at that.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"That's it, then?† â€Å"Yes. What?† â€Å"Nothing really to be afraid of then, was there? I don't know what all the fuss is about. It's rather pitiful if you ask me.† â€Å"It is not.† â€Å"Are they all this small?† â€Å"Most are smaller, in fact.† â€Å"May I touch it?† â€Å"If you feel you must.† â€Å"Well, would you look at that.† â€Å"See, now you've angered it.† â€Å"Where in God's name have you been?† she said. â€Å"Father's been a madman looking for you. He and his captain have gone out on patrol every day and well into the evening, leaving the rest of his knights to wreak havoc on the castle. My lord has sent soldiers as far as Edinburgh asking after you. I should have you drowned for all the worry you've caused.† â€Å"You did miss me, didn't you?† I cradled the silk purse at my belt, wondering when best to spring the spell. And once she was bewitched, how exactly would I use the power? â€Å"He was supposed to be in Regan's care, but by the time he moves his bloody hundred knights all the way to Cornwall it will be my turn again. I can't abide the rabble in my palace.† â€Å"What does Lord Albany say?† â€Å"He says what I tell him to say. It's all intolerable.† â€Å"Gloucester,† said I, offering the very model of a non sequitur wrapped in an enigma. â€Å"Gloucester?† asked the duchess. â€Å"The king's good friend is there. It's mid-way between here and Cornwall, and the Earl of Gloucester daren't deny the request of the dukes of both Albany and Cornwall. You wouldn't be leaving the king without care, yet you wouldn't have him underfoot, either.† With the witches' warning about Drool in danger there, I was determined for all the drama to descend on Gloucester. I sat down on the floor near her feet, held Jones across my knees, and waited, both I and the puppet wearing jolly grins. â€Å"Gloucester†¦Ã¢â‚¬  said Goneril, letting a bit of a smile seep out. She really could be lovely when she forgot she was cruel. â€Å"Gloucester,† said Jones, â€Å"the dog's bollocks of western bloody Blighty.† â€Å"Do you think he'll agree to it? It's not how he laid out his legacy.† â€Å"He won't agree to Gloucester, but he'll agree to go to Regan's by way of Gloucester. The rest will be up to your sister.† Should I have felt myself a traitor? No, the old man brought this on himself. â€Å"But if he doesn't agree, and he has all these men?† She looked me in the eye now. â€Å"It's too much power in the hands of the feeble.† â€Å"And yet, he had all the power of the kingdom not two months ago.† â€Å"You've not seen him, Pocket. The legacy and banishment of Cordelia and Kent was just the beginning. Since you went away he's gotten worse. He searches for you, he hunts, he rails about his days as a soldier of Christ one minute, then calls to the gods of Nature the next. With a fighting force of that size – if he should feel that we've betrayed him – â€Å" â€Å"Take them,† said I. â€Å"What? I couldn't.† â€Å"You have seen my apprentice, Drool? He eats with his hands or with a spoon, we dare not let him have a knife or fork, lest the points imperil all.† â€Å"Don't be obtuse, Pocket. What of Father's knights?† â€Å"You pay them? Take them. For his own good. Lear with his train of knights is like a child running with a sword. Are you cruel to relieve him of deadly force, when he is neither strong enough, nor wise enough to wield it? Tell Lear he must dismiss fifty of his knights and their attendants and keep them here. Tell him they will be at his beck and call when he is in residence.† â€Å"Fifty? Just fifty?† â€Å"You must leave some for your sister. Send Oswald to Cornwall with your plan. Have Regan and Cornwall make haste to Gloucester so they are there upon Lear's arrival. Perhaps they can bring Gloucester into the fold. With Lear's knights dismissed, the two whitebeards can reminisce about their glory days and crawl together to the grave in peaceful nostalgia.† â€Å"Yes!† Goneril was becoming breathless now, excited. I'd seen it before. It wasn't always a good sign. â€Å"Quickly,† said I, â€Å"send Oswald to Regan while the sun is high.† â€Å"No!† Goneril sat forward quickly, her bosom nearly spilling out of her gown, which captured my attention more than her fingernails digging into my arm. â€Å"What?† said I, the bells of my coxcomb but a finger's breath from jingling her dcolletage.[30] â€Å"There is no peace for Lear in Gloucester. Haven't you heard? The earl's son Edgar is a traitor.† Had I heard? Had I heard? Of course, the bastard's plan was afoot. â€Å"Of course, lady, where do you think I've been?† â€Å"You've been all the way to Gloucester?† She was panting now. â€Å"Aye. And back. I've brought you something.† â€Å"A present?† She showed the delighted, wide grey-green eyes she'd had when she was a girl. â€Å"Perhaps I won't hang you, but punishment is due you, Pocket.† Then the lady grabbed me and pulled me across her lap, face-down. Jones rolled to the floor beside me. â€Å"Lady, perhaps – â€Å" Smack! â€Å"There, fool, I've hit it. Hit it. Hit it. Hit it. So give it. Give it. Give it.† A smack with every iamb.[31] â€Å"Bloody hell, you insane tart!† I squirmed. My ass burned with her handprint. Smack! â€Å"Oh good God!† said Goneril. â€Å"Yes!† She wiggled under me now. Smack! â€Å"Ouch! It's a letter! A letter,† said I. â€Å"I'll see your little bum as red as a rose!† Smack! I squirmed in her lap, turned, grabbed her bosoms and pulled myself upright until I was sitting in her lap. â€Å"Here.† I pulled the sealed parchment out of my jerkin and held it out. â€Å"Not yet!† said she, trying to roll me over and get back to smacking my bum. She honked my codpiece. â€Å"You honked my codpiece.† â€Å"Aye, give it up, fool.† She tried to get a hand under my codpiece. I reached into the silk purse and retrieved one of the puffballs as I tried to keep my manhood out of her grasp. I heard a door open. â€Å"Surrender the willie!† said the duchess. She had it then, there was nothing I could do. I squoze the puffball under her nose. â€Å"It's from Edmund of Gloucester,† said I. â€Å"Milady?† said Oswald, who was standing in the doorway. â€Å"Let us down, pumpkin,† said I. â€Å"The catch-fart needs his task set.† It all smacked of history. The game had progressed further that first day, when Oswald first interrupted us, all those years ago, but it had begun, as always, with one of Goneril's query sessions. â€Å"Pocket,† said she, â€Å"since you were raised in an abbey, I should think you know much about punishment.† â€Å"Aye, lady. I had my share, and it didn't end there. I still endure an inquisition almost daily in these very chambers.† â€Å"Gentle Pocket, surely you jest?† â€Å"That is part of the job, mum.† She stood then, and dismissed the ladies from her solar with a minor tantrum. When they were gone she said, â€Å"I've never been punished.† â€Å"Aye, lady, well, you're Christian, there's always time.† I'd left the Church with a curse after they walled up my anchoress and I was leaning heavily pagan at the time. â€Å"No one is allowed to strike me, so there's always been a girl to take my punishment for me. My spankings.† â€Å"Aye, mum, as it should be. Spare the royal withers and all.† â€Å"And I feel funny about it. Just last week I mentioned during mass that Regan might be a bit of a cunt, and my whipping girl was soundly spanked for it.† â€Å"Might as well have whipped her for your calling the sky blue, eh? A beating for talking truth, of course you felt funny about it.† â€Å"Not that kind of funny, Pocket. Funny like when you taught me about the little man in the boat.† It had been a verbal lesson only, shortly after she'd insisted I teach her about manly bits. But it had kept her amused, on and off, for a fortnight. â€Å"Oh, of course,† said I. â€Å"Funny.† â€Å"I need to be spanked,† said Goneril. â€Å"A constant, I'd agree, lady, but again we're declaring the sky blue, aren't we?† â€Å"I want to be spanked.† â€Å"Oh,† said I, eloquent and quick-witted rascal that I am. â€Å"That's different.† â€Å"By you,† said the Princess. â€Å"Fuckstockings,† I thus declared my doom. Well, by the time Oswald came into the room that first time, both the princess and I were as red-bottomed as Barbary monkeys, quite naked (except for my hat, which Goneril had donned) and administering rhythmically to each other's front sides. Oswald was somewhat less than discreet about it all. â€Å"Alarm! Alarm! My lady is ravaged by a fool! Alarm!† said Oswald, fleeing from the room, to raise the alarm through the castle. I caught up to Oswald as he entered the great hall, where Lear was sitting on his throne, Regan sitting at his feet to one side, doing needlepoint, Cordelia at the other, playing with a doll. â€Å"The fool has violated the princess!† Oswald announced. â€Å"Pocket!† said Cordelia, dropping her doll and running to my side, sporting a great, goofy grin. She was perhaps eight then. Oswald stepped in front of me. â€Å"I found the fool rutting the princess Goneril like a rapacious goat, sire.† â€Å"‘Tis not true, nuncle,† said I. â€Å"I was called to the lady's solar this morning only to jest her out of a morning funk, which can be smelt upon her breath if you have doubts.† At that point Goneril came running into the room, trying to arrange her skirts as she moved. She stopped beside me and curtsied before her father. She was breathless, barefoot, and one breast peeked Cyclopean out the bodice of her gown. I snatched my coxcomb off her head with a jingle and concealed it behind my back. â€Å"There, fresh as a flower,† said I. â€Å"Hello, sister,† said Cordelia. â€Å"Morning, lamb,† said Goneril, blindfolding the pink-eyed Cyclops with a quick tuck. Lear scratched his beard and glared at his eldest daughter. â€Å"What ho, daughter,† said he. â€Å"Hast thou shagged a fool?† â€Å"Methinks any wench who shags a man hath shagged a fool, Father.† â€Å"That was a distinct no,† said I. â€Å"What is shagged?† asked Cordelia. â€Å"I saw it,† said Oswald. â€Å"Shag a man and shag a fool, one is the same as another,† said Goneril. â€Å"But this morning I have your Fool shagged, righteous and rowdy. I bonked him until he cried out for gods and horses to pull me off.† What was this? Was she hoping for more punishment? â€Å"That is so,† said Oswald. â€Å"I heard the call.† â€Å"Shagged, shagged, shagged!† said Goneril. â€Å"Oh, what is this I feel? Tiny bastard fools stirring in my womb. I can hear their tiny bells.† â€Å"You lying tart,† said I. â€Å"A fool is no more born with bells than a princess with fangs, both must be earned.† Lear said, â€Å"If that were true, Pocket, I'd have a halberd run up your bum.† â€Å"You can't kill Pocket,† said Cordelia. â€Å"I'll need him to cheer me when I'm visited by the red curse, and a horrible melancholy comes over me,† said Cordelia. â€Å"What are you on about, child?† said I. â€Å"All women get it,† said Cordelia. â€Å"They must be punished for Eve's treachery in the garden of evil. Nurse says it makes you ever so miserable.† I patted the child's head. â€Å"For fuck's sake, sire, you've got to get the girls some teachers who aren't nuns.† â€Å"I should be punished!† said Goneril. â€Å"I've had my curse for simply months,† said Regan, not even bothering to look up from her needlepoint. â€Å"I find that if I go to the dungeon and have some prisoners tortured I feel better.† â€Å"No, I want my Pocket,† said Cordelia, starting to whine now. â€Å"You can't have him,† said Goneril. â€Å"He's to be punished, too. After what he's done.† Oswald bowed for no particular reason. â€Å"May I suggest his head on a pike on the London Bridge, sire, to discourage any more debauchery?† â€Å"Silence!† said Lear, standing. He came down the steps, walked past Oswald, who fell to his knees, and stood before me. He put his hand on Cordelia's head. The old king locked his hawk's gaze upon me. â€Å"She didn't speak for three years before you came,† he said. â€Å"Aye, sire,† said I, looking down. He turned to Goneril. â€Å"Go to your quarters. Have your nurse tend to your illusions. She will see that there is no issue from it.† â€Å"But, Father, the fool and I – â€Å" â€Å"Nonsense, you're a maid,† said Lear. â€Å"We have agreed to deliver you thus to the Duke of Albany and so it is true.† â€Å"Sire, the lady has been violated,† said Oswald, desperate now. â€Å"Guards! Take Oswald to the bailey and flog him twenty lashes for lying.† â€Å"But, sire!† Oswald squirmed as two guards seized his arms. â€Å"Twenty lashes to show my mercy! Another word of this, ever, and your head will decorate London Bridge.† We watched, stunned, as the guards dragged Oswald away, the unctuous footman weeping and red-faced from trying to hold his tongue. â€Å"May I go watch?† Goneril asked. â€Å"Go,† Lear said. â€Å"Then to your nurse.† Regan was on her feet now and had skipped to her father's side. She looked at him hopefully, up on her toes, clapping her hands lightly in anticipation. â€Å"Yes, go,† said the king. â€Å"But you may only watch.† Regan streamed out of the hall after her older sister, her raven hair flying behind her like a dark comet. â€Å"You're my fool, Pocket,† said Cordelia, taking my hand. â€Å"Come, help me. I'm teaching Dolly to speak French.† The little princess led me away. The old king watched us go without another word, one white eyebrow raised and his hawk eye burning under it like a distant frozen star.

Free Essays on Citizenship In Antigone And Cool Hand Luke

There is a booklet distributed by the state of Georgia that lists the principle components of citizenship . They are honesty, compassion, respect, courage and responsibility. Each of these requirements represents an aspect of human personality that is characterized as â€Å"good† traits. To better understand the vague concept of citizenship, I looked up the term on ask.com and received numerous hits regarding it. Many of the hits were definitions that mostly read â€Å"the legal status of being a citizen of a country.† When I found the booklet distributed to elementary age children and it listed all the qualities of a good citizen, I realized that maybe the reason that we, as a society, have such a vague mental definition of citizenship is possibly because the characteristics of a good citizen have been ingrained into our being since childhood. We are no longer able to differentiate being a good person and doing what is right from being a good citizen. Even though sometimes being a good person morally is not the same as being a good person according to the rules of citizenship. Sophocles’ Antigone is a prime example of a citizen, though not a typical one. She displays all the traits previously listed in one or more ways. She shows respect by realizing that the only way that her brother would get what he had wanted would be for her to break the rules set forth by Creon. â€Å"The time in which I must please those who are dead is longer than I must please those of this world.† (Antigone, 76-77) Antigone realizes that pleasing her brother is more important than to live knowing that she should have and could have done something and didn’t. Also by showing respect for her dead brother, she is also demonstrating the compassion necessary to endanger one’s own life for the sake of the good of another. I also believe that Antigone being honest with Creon shows another aspect of her citizenship. When she tells Creon, â€Å"Yes, I confess; I ... Free Essays on Citizenship In Antigone And Cool Hand Luke Free Essays on Citizenship In Antigone And Cool Hand Luke There is a booklet distributed by the state of Georgia that lists the principle components of citizenship . They are honesty, compassion, respect, courage and responsibility. Each of these requirements represents an aspect of human personality that is characterized as â€Å"good† traits. To better understand the vague concept of citizenship, I looked up the term on ask.com and received numerous hits regarding it. Many of the hits were definitions that mostly read â€Å"the legal status of being a citizen of a country.† When I found the booklet distributed to elementary age children and it listed all the qualities of a good citizen, I realized that maybe the reason that we, as a society, have such a vague mental definition of citizenship is possibly because the characteristics of a good citizen have been ingrained into our being since childhood. We are no longer able to differentiate being a good person and doing what is right from being a good citizen. Even though sometimes being a good person morally is not the same as being a good person according to the rules of citizenship. Sophocles’ Antigone is a prime example of a citizen, though not a typical one. She displays all the traits previously listed in one or more ways. She shows respect by realizing that the only way that her brother would get what he had wanted would be for her to break the rules set forth by Creon. â€Å"The time in which I must please those who are dead is longer than I must please those of this world.† (Antigone, 76-77) Antigone realizes that pleasing her brother is more important than to live knowing that she should have and could have done something and didn’t. Also by showing respect for her dead brother, she is also demonstrating the compassion necessary to endanger one’s own life for the sake of the good of another. I also believe that Antigone being honest with Creon shows another aspect of her citizenship. When she tells Creon, â€Å"Yes, I confess; I ...

Antebellum Reform Movements essays

Antebellum Reform Movements essays The Antebellum era or the Pre-Civil War period was known for many reform movements. The society at the time was experiencing a major change. Many movements such as the Transcendentalism and the Second Great Awakening inspired many intellectuals. These people are given the knowledge and the courage to fight for many things in society that were unfortunately looked down on in the past. These reforms were meant to rectify conditions that were considered inhumane and evil. Inspired by the Second Great Awakening, an optimistic spirit permeated public awareness of the underprivileged and the unfortunate. Those associated with improving the life of the society were known as humanitarians. Many reformers and humanitarians strived for success with their reforms. However, there were always those that frowned upon the new changes in society. From both sides, these reform movements have reflected both optimistic and pessimistic views of human nature and society. Before the Antebellum era, many women were denied many rights. After a marriage, the husband had legal rights to control all of his wifes property, earnings, and children. Also, women were kept away from owning property, learning higher education, and participating in civil and political events. The womens rights movement officially began in 1848, when Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott organized the Seneca Falls Convention in New York. This convention addressed the inequalities of gender difference among many events especially marriage. Additionally, in the mid 1850s, Susan B. Anthony and the Grimke Sisters joined the crusade for womens rights by pushing for suffrage which later came true with the adopting of the 19th Amendment in 1920. Later, women were able to attend school with the help of other reformers. The womens reform movement had shown many optimistic views within the society. Because of the reform movement, it showed that equalit...

If You Can Keep Your Head…

If You Can Keep Your Head†¦ If You Can Keep Your Head If You Can Keep Your Head By Maeve Maddox Back when I was an eighth-grader, children were required to memorize poems. I can still recite much of If by Kipling. The poem begins If you can keep your head when all about you Are losing theirs and blaming it on you, If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you But make allowance for their doubting too, and ends If you can talk with crowds and keep your virtue,†¨ Or walk with kingsnor lose the common touch,†¨ If neither foes nor loving friends can hurt you;†¨ If all men count with you, but none too much,†¨ If you can fill the unforgiving minute†¨With sixty seconds worth of distance run,†¨ Yours is the Earth and everything thats in it,†¨ Andwhich is moreyoull be a Man, my son! I recall really liking that one. Back then, girls just translated the gendered stuff internally and applied the masculine virtues to themselves. If you can keep your head. Have you ever noticed how many idioms and expressions make use of the word head? (One of our Forum members, Heaven, got me started on this.) Head as a Noun As a noun, head can mean: foam on a glass of beer This meaning existed as early as 1545. water closet on a ship from 1748, based on location of crew toilet in the bow (or head) of a ship leader of a tribe or other collection of people source of a river (head waters) upper end of a bed business end of an arrow, spear, ax part of a boil or pimple that is ready to burst (Things come to a head and then break loose.) obverse of a coin (tails is the reverse of a coin) one person/animal as in head count and twenty head of cattle top part of grain Ex. a head of corn, a head of wheat Head as a Verb to set ones course: Ex. We headed for home. (originally a nautical term) to have authority over: Ex. He heads a giant corporation. Head in combination with other elements header a dive headfirst into a pool header information typed at the top of a page headfirst -head foremost headstrong (1398) stubborn, determined to have ones way headquarters (1647) where military (or other) leaders have their offices headroom (1851) space above the head, as in a train. headphone This modern sounding coinage was first noted in 1914. headlight (1861) Before there were automobiles, trains and ships needed lights in front. headmaster/headmistress head teacher behead execute by chopping off the head NOTE: to decapitate is to chop off someones head. It derives from caput, Latin for head. Capital punishment was originally decapitation. A state capital is the states head or chief city. The word chief, while were at it, also means head. It comes into English from French. It came into French from, you guessed it, Latin caput. Then there are the idioms: Keep your head. Remain calm in stressful circumstances. Lose your head. Lose control because of some overpowering emotion. have a level head able to remain calm and exercise good judgment Get a head start. Begin before other participants. Give him his head. Let him do as he pleases. (from horseback riding) Hes in over his head. He is involved in some activity which he is unable to deal with. The image is that of drowning. Ive only scratched the surface, but if I dont quit citing examples of head idioms, Ill go out of my head. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of HumorOn Behalf Of vs. In Behalf Of5 Ways to Reduce Use of Prepositions

Living with Diabetes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Living with Diabetes - Case Study Example Elizabeth who lives in United Kingdom is helped by the National Health Service (NHS) is the publicly funded health care system of England; the National Health Service (NHS) is not to be confused with the other three national health systems operating in the United Kingdom which are responsible to their own governments and have developed under differing legislation. All four services collectively operate without general discrimination toward citizens from each others areas. The NHS provides the majority of healthcare to Elizabeth, from general practitioners to hospitals, long-term healthcare, thus helping her cope with her diabetes. The National Health Service Act was passed in 1946 and came into effect on 5 July 1948; subsequently it has become an integral part of British society, culture and everyday life: the NHS was once described by Nigel Lawson, former Chancellor of the Exchequer, as "the national religion". Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance, but it is used only by a small percentage of the population, and generally as a top-up to NHS services. As the reforms continue to change the way the NHS works, NHIS is able to offer new insights into its performance. It is a uniquely powerful and cost-effective resource for those who need to understand, interpret and exploit these events - from pharmaceutical companies developing their marketing strategies, to patients needing to be aware how the system works. Elizabeth often also uses the Diabetes UK Careline as a further source of information for people with diabetes and it receives around 50 000 enquiries a year. The Careline number is 0845 120 2960 and it is open Monday to Friday from 9am until 5pm (a translation service is available) with recorded information available 24 hours a day. As well as offering information to people on a wide range of subjects, Careline also offers support through talking with a trained counsellor . Calls to Careline allow Elizabeth to identify gaps in currently available information, and to then fill them. We have found this to be particularly true around the subject of diet--by far the most requested topic of information. This can be as simple as producing quick question-and-answer style responses to topics that the media has generated interest about, to developing a more detailed information resource, such as the weight management pack, which deals with many of the issues that callers to Careline, both lay and professional, have raised. Like most people who get their information on diabetes from the media, the internet or the man next door, this often means that the information they receive is distorted or even dangerous, Elizabeth too was affected by this but her problems were taken care of by the Careline. A particular issue is the myth around 'mild diabetes' or 'a touch of sugar', which many callers to Careline cite as their particular problem. Because diabetes has been couched in these terms, many people fail to realise the seriousness of their condition and think that they only have to avoid sugar in their diet (another popular misconception). Psychosocial factors

Proof reading 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Proof reading 5 - Essay Example The sampling represents health workers in Saudi Arabia, while the instruments to measure leadership styles include organization culture and quality management practices. Data collected will be analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The research design is meant to guide the researcher on how to carry out the research and the methods used. Once the purpose of the research has been identified, the researcher knows why data has to be collected, and also what data to be collected and how it should be collected. This is necessary to develop the theoretical framework. While there are several methods or approaches to conduct a research, the qualitative and the quantitative methods are the two most common methods. A quantitative approach is primarily deductive and is best suited to prove or disprove a hypothesis, according to Cooper and Schindler (2003). This study proposes to use the quantitative approach because quantitative analysis is ideal for single-subject analysis. It has also been found to be more co-relational than the use of qualitative analysis. This study intends to incorporate different variables’ (leadership styles on practices of quality management) correlation in the proposed model, and hence a co-relational design that focuses on a mathematical based approach is ideal (Cooper & Schindler, 2003). Besides, quantitative approach can measure the relationship between variables systematically and statistically (Cassell & Symon, 1994, p.2). A cross-sectional survey design will be used to conduct this study (Fink, 2003) and the survey instrument will be a self-administered questionnaire, which is a commonly used method of data collection in survey research (Bourque & Fielder, 2003). The most commonly used instrument for data collection is the self-administered questionnaire (Schwab, 2005) which is

CRIME CONTINUES TO BE A MASCULINE PURSUIT.DISCUSS Essay

CRIME CONTINUES TO BE A MASCULINE PURSUIT.DISCUSS - Essay Example 285). Despite reports that females are committing crimes at an increased rate, males continue to commit the vast majority of crimes (Anthony 2008, p. 94). The prevailing view is therefore that crime continues to be a masculine pursuit despite modest increased in female offending. The question then is, whether or not crime is and continues to be a masculine pursuit. Theories and assumptions that attempt to explain the disproportionate rate of male offending help to answer the question of whether or not crime continues to be a masculine pursuit. The prevailing view is that, if male offending can be attributed to masculine theories rather than traditional criminology theories, then we might be able to state that crime continues to be a masculine pursuit. Some explanations include the role of gender socialization, the perceptions of police, and the independence and opportunities that men are accorded (Browne 2011, p. 249). However, with the exception of gender socialization, the other ex planations and theories are not gender specific. For instance, perceptions of police can be entirely related to education or exposure. Similarly, independence and opportunities are likewise linked to both men and women. ... This paper is therefore divided into three parts. The first part of this paper provides a factual basis for the contention that males are more predisposed to commit crimes than females are. The second part of the paper analyses the various theories, assumptions and explanations relative to the male propensity to commit crimes. The third part of the paper examines the rise in female crimes and concludes that the rise in female crimes do not change the disproportionate number of male crimes. However it does indicate that crime is not and does not continue to be a masculine pursuit. It does indicate that crime is not specific to males and therefore can not be characterized as a continuing to be a masculine pursuit. The objective is to analyse masculinity theories with a view to demonstrating how crime is perceived to be a masculine pursuit and then to look at the increase in female offending to demonstrate how crime cannot be perceived as a masculine pursuit. Although crime was perceive d to have been a masculine pursuit, developments in female offending inform that it is impractical and unreasonable to continue to view crime as a masculine pursuit. I. Males and Crime The latest statistics released by the UK Office for National Statistics reveal that as of October 2006, 4 out of every five offenders were male. Moreover, man â€Å"outnumber women† in all of the most serious crimes (Office for National Statistics 2006). For instance between 84 and 95 per cent of burglary, robbery, drugs-related offences, criminal damages and violent crimes are committed by males. 98 per cent of all sexual offences are committed by males (Office for National Statistics). In the US there is evidence that the

Interracial Marriages Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interracial Marriages - Essay Example The US Census Bureau states that in the year 1970, there were 65000 black-white marriages in US. In 2005, this number has increased to 422000. Interracial marriages make less than 10 per cent of the total presently. Being an African-American that was first married to a man from the same race and now, is married to a Caucasian, (Landry) has sufficient experience to make a balanced approach to evaluation of the merits and demerits of interracial marriage. Landry has spent five years with the African American husband who was her college fellow. After divorce, she married the Caucasian husband and has been living with him for four years. When she reflects back upon the two experiences, she realizes that race was never a strong issue. Landry parted ways with her ex-husband because there was communication gap between them and he was disloyal to her. Besides, they had issues related to money. Therefore, when Landry searched for a husband the second time, she placed more emphasis upon his co mmitment towards budget and his tendency to exchange views frequently and maintain loyalty to her in marriage than the race he belonged to. Landry spent twelve years as a single after her divorce. In those years, she spent tome with numerous men from different ethnic origins. Having dated men of different professions and racial backgrounds, Landry reached the conclusion that two people’s resemblance in the level of intelligence, personal interests, aspirations and values were much stronger determinants of their compatibility with each other than race could ever be. Landry has evaluated the potential advantages and disadvantages of interracial marriages in this article. Discussing the pros of interracial marriages, Landry first discusses personal growth. Successful marriage requires the partners to grow together with the passage of time. Marital partners can enhance their growth by sharing with each other and appreciating the challenges arising from their cultural and racial d ifferences. Landry has noticed that her Caucasian husband’s behavior is changed for the better after marrying her. He has started to understand how people of color may feel like strangers in settings where the others don’t look like them. He had a new experience of going to church with an African American wife as a lone white man. Nevertheless, he has started to enjoy the worship services greatly. Now he responds more to his African American friends who tend not to go with him when he invites them to go to places where African Americans are not very likely to be. Such awareness has inculcated in him the need to persuade people into doing things that they would otherwise not do because of their race. Landry and her family had many preconceived notions about the Caucasian people until she and her family had an opportunity to interact with Landry’s husband and his family frequently. Same can be said about Landry’s husband and his family. Before, Landry thoug ht that Caucasian people were insensitive, stern and unaffectionate, but she found her husband’s Irish American family unusually jolly. Landry still has to resist the long cultivated urge to meet them by shaking hands with them that she has been doing all life long. Now Landry disputes with her African American friends for their baseless claims about the Caucasian people. Interracial marriage is a potential means of eliminating the social segregation. With the increased intimacy between Landry’s Caucasian and African American families developed in joint gatherings, every member of the respective families is likely to increase his/her number of friends outside his/her own race. Living together is a better way to end the differences between races than government mandated programs or diversity training. The first con

Foundations of human resource management (Case study analysis) Essay

Foundations of human resource management (Case study analysis) - Essay Example In itself, the recruitment process should be well structured and organized in order to achieve the required skillful labor. After recruitment, a systematic training approach should be employed in order to induce the new recruits in their designed positions. In Silver Creek Winery Company, there is a need for business expansion. This requires an effective recruitment procedure to fill the job positions that will arise during this development. This report will assist the manager of Silver Creek Company, Julia, to implement an effective staffing process. Foundations of human resource management Business management refers to the use of management skills to utilize the fundamental business resources in order to optimize the profit. The growth and future of a company can only be shaped by effective management strategies. Being a developing company, Silver Creek requires well schemed management strategies in order to achieve the effective expansion and to exploit its potential of growth. Th e various challenges facing this company demand for proper planning in order to come up with a prompt solution. These plans should be implemented in all the entities of this business. As the Human Resource manager, Julia carries the greater burden of the company as the future of the company lies on her shoulders. This report will assist Julia to employ Human resource planning, job analysis and training in the recruitment process in order to facilitate the staffing required during expansion of the company. Human resource planning is a crucial tool that is employed in the recruitment process. It is used in determining the current and future human resource that a particular business requires in order to achieve its set goals (Hartel & Fujimoto, 2010). It requires that the human resource requirements are established and a proper plan designed to satisfy these requirements. This goes hand in hand with the financial resource allocation for the entire process. The manager has a role to bud get for the process effectively, in order to achieve a successful output. Recruitment refers to the use of management skills to induce the right labor resource, with the right skills at the right time. This resource should just be adequate, without shortage or surplus. This is the greatest role of a human resource manager. In theory, Human resource planning can be used to design the staffing process in any organization, be it small or large (Hartel & Fujimoto). This process can be implemented in a number of stages. First, the company should assess the current human resource capacity of the business organization. At this stage, the skills and knowledge of the available employees should be established. To achieve this, academic documents should be used. For instance, the certificates are effective in establishing the area of specialization and the special skills that an employee possesses. Also, the day to day performance of the employees should be monitored in order to learn the pote ntials of all the employees. Secondly, it would be important to determine the future needs of human resource. Here, the manger focus is on the positions that are likely to arise in the future, and the skills that will be necessary. These parameters should relate to the dynamic state of the market. Then, a gap analysis should be conducted in order to estimate the difference between the position of the organization at the moment and that in the future. Finally, a restructuring plan should be

How should we live on the earth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

How should we live on the earth - Essay Example Hence, land is valuable to man and even biblically â€Å"since the days of Ezekiel and Isaiah†. The question of how we should live on earth has been there since the early civilization of man. Through his works, Leopold can be referred to as the founder of establishing how man and the environment should coexist. This is because he is regarded as the first person to invoke the topic on land ethic in the 21st century. He came up with this terminology through his book ‘A Sand County Almanac’. He referred to land ethic as a theory that directs human beings actions in land utilization or when making changes to land (Leopold). It is wise for human beings to safeguard and conserve the land as he lives on earth. Leopold argued that Land ethic is a limitation of the freedom to use land when trying to exist. Further, ethics have developed with evolution of man and ecology. Ethics mean that there are socially acceptable and unacceptable ways of dealing with or utilizing land. The use of land ethics starts from an individual whereby, the individual should cultivate ways of coexisting with the environment. Secondly, land ethics can be exercised by the community that can develop instincts and rules of how it should coexist with land. Therefore, there are various inspirations, theories and explanations that explain how we should live on earth and some of them are highlighted in this essay. ... When we relate this to the current world, these members are all that makes up the earth we live in. Each of these members should live in coexistence with others in a big community. Land ethic in this community inspires changes in the role of human beings on earth from being conquerors of the community, to being members in the community (Leopold). Therefore, human beings should respect the other members of the community to ensure there is coexistence. Secondly, we should ensure that there is harmonious living between the earth and us. As human beings, we should have knowledge and use it to ensure that the earth is in a state of harmony. Humans should embrace education that is focused towards conservation so that they can ensure harmony in the earth. To promote harmony, we should seek to ensure that the ecology in our environment is conserved. To support this, People should join in organizations so that they can step up education about the environment. The knowledge gained through such education should be used to conserve the earth and hence, ensure harmony (Leopold). For example, farmers should be educated on soil conservation methods in order to prevent soil erosion, learn how to use machinery on their fields and good crop farming techniques. They should use this knowledge to ensure that the community (the earth) also benefits from their activities. To live in harmony, we must perceive the earth as a friend, therefore, this will help us to see that the earth provides for our needs, and we should care for it. In addition, we should perceive the earth as one complete living organism, which has various parts that include all the members, who must all cooperate with each other. Thirdly, we should live in the earth by first identifying our position in the

Foundations of human resource management (Case study analysis) Essay

Foundations of human resource management (Case study analysis) - Essay Example In itself, the recruitment process should be well structured and organized in order to achieve the required skillful labor. After recruitment, a systematic training approach should be employed in order to induce the new recruits in their designed positions. In Silver Creek Winery Company, there is a need for business expansion. This requires an effective recruitment procedure to fill the job positions that will arise during this development. This report will assist the manager of Silver Creek Company, Julia, to implement an effective staffing process. Foundations of human resource management Business management refers to the use of management skills to utilize the fundamental business resources in order to optimize the profit. The growth and future of a company can only be shaped by effective management strategies. Being a developing company, Silver Creek requires well schemed management strategies in order to achieve the effective expansion and to exploit its potential of growth. Th e various challenges facing this company demand for proper planning in order to come up with a prompt solution. These plans should be implemented in all the entities of this business. As the Human Resource manager, Julia carries the greater burden of the company as the future of the company lies on her shoulders. This report will assist Julia to employ Human resource planning, job analysis and training in the recruitment process in order to facilitate the staffing required during expansion of the company. Human resource planning is a crucial tool that is employed in the recruitment process. It is used in determining the current and future human resource that a particular business requires in order to achieve its set goals (Hartel & Fujimoto, 2010). It requires that the human resource requirements are established and a proper plan designed to satisfy these requirements. This goes hand in hand with the financial resource allocation for the entire process. The manager has a role to bud get for the process effectively, in order to achieve a successful output. Recruitment refers to the use of management skills to induce the right labor resource, with the right skills at the right time. This resource should just be adequate, without shortage or surplus. This is the greatest role of a human resource manager. In theory, Human resource planning can be used to design the staffing process in any organization, be it small or large (Hartel & Fujimoto). This process can be implemented in a number of stages. First, the company should assess the current human resource capacity of the business organization. At this stage, the skills and knowledge of the available employees should be established. To achieve this, academic documents should be used. For instance, the certificates are effective in establishing the area of specialization and the special skills that an employee possesses. Also, the day to day performance of the employees should be monitored in order to learn the pote ntials of all the employees. Secondly, it would be important to determine the future needs of human resource. Here, the manger focus is on the positions that are likely to arise in the future, and the skills that will be necessary. These parameters should relate to the dynamic state of the market. Then, a gap analysis should be conducted in order to estimate the difference between the position of the organization at the moment and that in the future. Finally, a restructuring plan should be

Legal Dispute Resolution Process and Alternative Dispute Resolution Essay

Legal Dispute Resolution Process and Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms - Essay Example ies, Microsoft was involved in numerous high-profile legal matters, including cases against United States, European Union and various competitors, like Alcatel, Apple, Burst and Eolas. In all these cases, there was a trial because of errors mostly business managers, who were unwittingly giving names of products which have something with other peoples technology or for stealing other peoples technology, naming them as their own. Business Manager is required to know how and what to do when it comes to litigation must know the basics of the legal system of each country, especially the state of its rivals. Thus, the business manager of the Microsoft case against Eolas should know that for his company that trial is not worth it, and he should prevent it. Under the laws of rival’s state, judgment was in favor of Eolas, and Microsoft has lost 521 million

Cancer Trials: a Social Class and Racial Division in Health

Cancer Trials: a Social Class and Racial Division in Health I. Introduction Individuals of African and Hispanic descent in the United States are not given a fair chance at life due to the inequality of race and social class division within health care institutions. I will demonstrate that there is a class conflict between lower class minorities and upper-class Caucasians within the United States health care system. This will be accomplished by comparing race and class conflict issues with Marxist class conflict theory and W.E.B DuBois racial theory. II. Explanation of Cancer Trials and Minorities In the New York Times article termed, In Cancer Trials, Minorities Face Extra Hurdles, Denise Grady illustrates how minorities are institutionally discriminated against. Grady gives several reasons why cancer trials are disproportionately made up of white individuals, how researchers are aware of this inequality, and how they are trying to correct the problem. One of the biggest concerns of researchers is that many individuals of a lower class status are less educated. In addition, these individuals of a lower class status are sometimes illiterate, do not speak or understand English, suffer from underlying health issues such as obesity or diabetes, or do not have access to resources that those of middle class Caucasian individuals are privy to. Moreover, this creates issues of inequality because some doctors assume that the individuals that are of a lower class and are minorities do not have ability to manage the obstacles that come with the cancer trial study. Some of these obstacle s include, child care, financial burdens for traveling, and taking time off of work for extended periods. However, Dr. Elise Cook stated, One of the biggest barriers is doctors not asking patients to join clinical trials because they assume they would not be candidates, furthermore, she claims that many would participate if they were asked. Dr. Cook also acknowledges that these cancer study trials have advantages that regular treatments do not have, such as frequent visits with doctors and nurses, free trial drugs, and more frequent testing. Additionally, Dr. Margaret Kemeny, an oncologist at Mount Sinai School of Medicine also claims that all patients should have access to research studies and that doctors and researchers should educate their patients so that they have the chance to participate in a study. Furthermore, not educating these patients is a discriminatory action on the part of the caretaker/doctor. Furthermore, the chief medical officer at the American Cancer Society cl aims that attributing less health care to minorities creates a higher death rate that could have been prevented by adequate treatment and care by professionals. III. Conflict Comparison The lack of minorities who are not included in cancer trials reveal a conflicting issue between race and social class. The greatest factor within the health care between social and racial divides is that of a socioeconomic status. The rich are given more opportunities and advantages then the poor, this is a common theme in the American institutional system. Racial and ethnic minorities make up the majority of lower-class society due to oppression and lack of opportunities that can be used to gain upward social mobility. The elite and upper-class are more readily available to gain information and education concerning current medical trials that show progression in health issues. The elite are educated and they have monetary strengths that allow them advantages that the lower-class lack.ÂÂ   While there are other integrated factors, such as underlying health issues and racial disparities the main issue is socioeconomic status. Marxist theory recognizes victims of low-social class as victims of capitalist exploitations. This can be seen in cancer studies as suffering under capitalism, the underprivileged do not have the means to acquire the economic gains in order to receive certain treatments. The rich are given more advanced and adequate options for health care. In contrast, the lower-class are given less options and ill-informed information for resources if any information at all. Similarly, W.E.B. DuBois would attribute these acts as a color line theory. According to DuBois, in America the color line is the division of black and white individuals into two separate unequal parts. Building off of Marxist theory, DuBois focused on the inequality of racial and gender differences. DuBois stated, While together they could have offered a formidable challenge to structures of economic inequality, racial ideology divided the working classes. (Ritzer, Stepnisky 69) The lower-social class is mostly those of racial and ethnic minority backgrounds and therefore this d ivision in social class is also a racial class separation. V. Conclusion Minorities in the United States are unfairly treated in the health care institutions. They are less likely to be considered for trials that could potentially save or extend their lives. This is due to the lack of education that the doctors and health care facilities do not provide to patients that are of lower class minorities. Many doctors will automatically assume that due to the economic status of these individuals that they are not eligible to participate in these cancer trial treatments. By not educating and pushing patients to seek alternative treatments due to social class and racial differences, this creates a conflict for equal health care. References George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Karl Marx: From Capitalism to Communism. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2013. 21-30. Print. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. W.E.B. Du Bois: Race and Racism In Modern SOciety. George Ritzer, Jeffery Stepnisky. Contemporary Sociological Theory and Its Classical Roots. New York, NY: McGraw Hill , 2013. 65-69. Print. GRADY, DENISE. In Cancer Trials, Minorities Face Extra Hurdles. 23 December 2016. New York Times. Print. 29 January 2017.

Who is John F McLennan? :: Essays Papers

Who is John F McLennan? John Ferguson McLennan was born on October 14, 1827. Although his life centered on a legal career he always had the desire to enter the academic world. McLennan studied law in Edinburgh, Scotland. He practiced under the Scottish bar until 1870. However, he was not a successful advocate of this profession because instead of studying and supporting the law he chose to argue over its conventions. This is shown by the fact that in 1868, he became the secretary of the Scottish Society for the amendment of the Law (Rivià ¨re). Primitive Marriage was published in 1865 and according to J.B. Tylor was a type of law book that had â€Å"the natural and immediate effect of losing him half his briefs (Rivià ¨re)." McLennan’s dissatisfaction for his chosen profession prompted him to apply for a professorship at Cambridge. His interest did not stop there and McLennan continued to interacted with those in the science community. His house became an informal meeting place of the academic co mmunity that discussed literary and scientific findings. Interestingly enough McLennan was not apart of the Ethnological Society of London which included notable figures of the time including Sir John Lubbock and E.B. Tylor. The main objective of the society was to inquire â€Å"into the distinguishing characteristics, physical and moral, of the varieties of mankind which inhabit or have inhabited the Earth; and to ascertain the causes of such characteristics (Burrows, 122).† McLennan’s feud with Lewis Henry Morgan became a topic of controversy in the 19th century. They meet in London in 1871 and initially became quite good friends. In fact Morgan knew of McLennan’s desire to enter the academic world and wrote to President of White of Cornell University encouraging him to give McLennan an academic appointment. Their relationship took a turn because of their disagreement over â€Å"the validity of their respective evolutionary frameworks, the nature of relationship terminologies, and the true meaning of exogamy and endogamy (Rivià ¨re).† McLennan’s dispute with Morgan masked the main adversary to his work, Sir Henry Maine. Maine’s Ancient Law promoted McLennan to place his own ideals in an evolutionary framework and at the same time disputed Maine’s patriarchal theory. Although Primitive Marriage is not an apparent attack on Maine’s theory, McLennan’s disagreement appears more strongly in his later works. McLennan used the comparative method as well as the universal belief of human nature to try to answer the question of marriage by capture.

John Donnes The Indifference :: Poets, Poetry, Prose

John Donne's "The Indifference" is a love poem that can be interpreted in a number of ways. Not only is the meaning of the text debatable, but the audience for which the poem was intended can be argued as well. The language Donne uses leaves room for the reader's imagination and intellect to take over and decide to whom he is talking and why. The author is writing to a specific audience for a specific reason, trying to convey his point through his verse. While not all people agree as to whom this poem is intended for or whom the speaker is actually talking to, I have a good understanding as to what Donne is trying to accomplish by writing "The Indifference" and whom the voice of the piece is actually talking to. The interpretation that I found to be most convincing is that he is speaking to a woman, who is by herself, and he is letting her know what kind of qualities (or lack there of) he is looking for. He is giving a disclaimer to her on the type of person he is and how he views relationships so she knows what she's getting herself into. The first stanza starts off with the speaker listing opposite character types. All of the types listed refer to different types of women, "Her whom the county formed, and whom the town" and "Her who still weeps with spongy eyes, / And her who is dry cork, and never cries". The speaker is not referring to one type of woman in particular, but to all women in general. He is telling the woman that he is addressing know just how many different types of woman he can or will potentially be interested in. Another interesting aspect of the first stanza is Donne's wording at the beginning of each line. He starts each with either "I can love" or "Her who". This is his passive way of informing the reader as to what type of woman he can and wants to love: any woman who is alive and willing to take a chance on him. It is not until the final two lines of the stanza that he actually puts any requirements as to what kind of a woman he specifically wants, "I can love her, and her, and you and you, / I can love any, so she be not true".