Vaccine and Multiple Vaccines Safe Essay Example for Free

Vaccine and Multiple Vaccines Safe EssayVaccinations are a big lift off of peoples lives. There are immunization programs for children that very much encourage inoculations starting them off early as steady, life-long customers. Years ago, when vaccines were first invented, they were make up of saline solution and the dead virus. Now, theres so much more in the vaccine that most people dont know about. The way that vaccines are made is unethical, from the sections, to the way the ingredients are collected. Many who get vaccinated just take their relates knowledge of euphony for granted and dont b opposite to research whats beingness injected into their body. Edward Jenner invented the vaccine in 1796. The original purpose for it was to protect people against smallpox. He discover that even during the peak of the smallpox epidemic, the milkmaids never got the disease. After further research, he theorized that the reason why the milkmaids didnt get smallpox was because they c ame in contact with variola vaccina while milking the cows. The cowpox strengthened their immune system against smallpox. Jenner extracted the melted from the inside of a cowpox sore on a milkmaid named Sarah Nelmes. Next, Jenner found a farmer named Phipps and asked him if he could inject his son, James, with the liquid.He explained to Phipps that if his theory was correct, James would never get smallpox. Phipps agreed. Jenner made cardinal small cuts in the arm of the boy and poured the liquid from Sarah into the cuts. James came d give birth with cowpox which lasted 6 weeks. After those 6 weeks, Jenner vaccinated him with the dried up pus from the sore of a smallpox victim. James didnt catch smallpox. Jenners theory was correct, lucky for him. If he had been wrong, and James did catch smallpox and died, Jenner would flip been considered a murderer. (A History of Vaccines)When Jenner first invented the vaccine, it was purely the virus that was suspend in saline solution. Now, there are so many additives and fillers in vaccines, its no wonder there are so many insurrection health problems. One of the most shocking ingredients is mercury. Mercury is in a preservative called thimerosal, which is used in vaccinations. Even the smallest amount of mercury in a body can cause nerve damage. Symptoms of mercury toxicity are similar to those of autism. other preservative is formalin which contains the embalming fluid, formaldehyde.Formaldehyde is the liquid that cadavers are absurd in to keep them from rotting while research is done on them. It is poison to the gastrointestinal, liver, respiratory, immune, nervous, and reproductive systems. The reason its in vaccinations is because it stops viruses from replicating or reproducing themselves. Another shocking ingredient is genetically modified yeast, animal, bacterial and viral DNA. This can incorporate itself into the recipients DNA and cause genetic mutations. Phenoxyethanol is used in anti-freeze as well as v accines.Its a preservative that prevents bacterial and fungal contamination. Phenoxyethanol is toxic to all cells and is capable of disabling the immune systems primary response mechanism. Aluminum is used in vaccinations as an adjuvant, which improves immune response. It can cause brain damage, and is suspected to cause Alzheimers Disease, dementia, and coma. Beta-Propiolactone is a sterilizing ingredient in vaccines. It is known to cause cancer and is poisonous. Probably the most horrifying ingredient in vaccines is the tender and animal cells.Human cells from aborted fetal tissue and human serum albumin (the most abundant protein in human blood plasma), and animal cells from pig blood, horse blood, rabbit brain, guinea pig, dog kidney, cow heart, play kidney, chick embryo, chicken egg, duck egg, calf serum, and sheep blood. These are in vaccines because viruses cannot recruit on their own they must have a living host to grow in. (Interview with Sherri Tenpenny About Dangers of Vaccines NaturalNews. tv) (Vaccination Education Center) This leads to the question, are vaccines cruelty-free? The answer is no, they are most certainly not.The pharmaceutical corporations are okay with the abuse of animals. They purposely give animals diseases for research and inbreed them to the top dog of it being cruel to keep them alive because of all their health problems. The lab that harvests the cells from chicken orchis isnt any better. They keep the chickens crammed up in a shed until they die from old age or sicknesses. The fertilized eggs are kept in constant light which is very hard on the chicks and makes them so weak that the chicks dont even react when the lab technician candles the eggs to check their development.When theyre through collecting the cells from the eggs, they freeze them and throw them away. Freezing the eggs freezes the chick alive on the inside. Sometimes, when an overabundance of eggs occurs, the lab technician doesnt even bother to freeze the eggs, they just throw them away, killing the chick slower. If for no other reason, hearing about the cruelty towards animals should be the point where people decide not to support vaccinations. Vaccinations started off as good intentions but have been corrupted over time.Children are dangerously overdosed. Neil Z. Miller, the author of Overdosed Babies Are Multiple Vaccines Safe? writes, Today, children receive one vaccine at birth, eight vaccines at two months, eight vaccines at four months, nine vaccines at six months, and twelve additional vaccines between 12 and 18 months. The pure and innocent baby is overdosed with 38 vaccine/drugs by the time he or she is 1? years old In an interview with Dr. Sherri Tenpenny, she mentions the fact that the flu shot was not in the first place meant for children.When it was first made, the drug companies deemed it dangerous. A little while later they realized they couldnt put it on the vaccination register for adults if they didnt have it on the vaccination schedule for children, so they added it. Now they have vaccination programs for children and even have childrens shows supporting them. All of the poisons in vaccinations outweigh the benefits. Is it really worth(predicate) getting cancer, dementia, and birth defects just so that the flu is avoided? Harris L. Coulter, Ph. D. ays, A major cause of the Roman Empires decline, after six centuries of world bureau was its replacement of stone aqueducts by lead pipes for the transport and supply of drinking water. Roman engineers, the best in the world, turned their fellow citizens into neurological cripples. Today our own best and brightest, with the best of intentions, achieve the same end through childhood vaccination programs yielding the modern scourges of hyperactivity, learning disabilities, autism, appetite disorders, and impulsive violence. The drug companies that die these vaccines are fully aware of whats in them and their harmful effect.They see it as jo b security. If the people that they give these vaccinations to get the impending side effects of them, theyll go back to the vivify and ask for medications to rid them of the side effects. These medications will only fix that one problem and give them a plethora of other side effects. Its a vicious cycle of expensive, dangerous drugs. Autism, for example, requires at least 5 different medications. Just one of these medications such as an anti-depressant, deal Prozac and Zoloft which control anxiety, depression, and obsessive compulsive disorder can cause many side effects.Common side effects of these medications include sleepiness, nervousness, insomnia, dizziness, nausea, rashes, headache, diarrhea, upturned stomach, and weight loss. (Top 5 Drugs for Autism) Therefore, with all these side effects, doctors and nurses will always have a job. Even if parents decide not to get their children vaccinated, the children will exempt end up getting the harmful ingredients and effects of vaccines, because the aluminum, mercury, and other poisons, stay in the bodies of the parents forever and will be passed on to their children. Be it through dumbbell milk or blood, the children will get it. Vaccines and Your Child) (Overdosed Babies Are Multiple Vaccines Safe? ) Vaccinations, in my opinion, are surrounded with unethical practices and procedures. There are vaccines on the vaccination schedule that are not proven to be able to treat or prevent anything. The only reason theyre on the vaccination schedule is so that the pharmaceutical corporations can make more money and appear to be helping to make people healthier. Everyone should educate themselves on whats being injected into their body and not just trust their doctor. Some doctors only think about the money and not really about whats healthy for the patient.For example, the doctor could know perfectly well that a vaccine was unnecessary or unhealthy for the patient but if there were going to be benefits given to t hat doctor theyd give the patient the vaccine anyway. This is the reason why there are so many rising health problems. Animal cruelty is another(prenominal) unethical practice. The animal testing, the giving animals diseases for research, the unnecessary wastefulness of chicks, its all unethical and disgusting. I, for one, am definitely going to think twice before I vaccinate myself, and in the future, my children.

Socrates Beliefs And Philosophical Statements

Socrates Beliefs And Philosophical StatementsAccording to the Athenians, Socrates was an ugly objet dart. One who walked through the city and humiliated authoritative figures in public places with m either people around. numerous would say that he made the weaker argument stronger. Throughout Socrates sprightliness, he was invariably t iodine for for truth. Socrates went about his purport following his demeanors, questioning people about their avouch beliefs, until he was brought to trial by a group of men on the charges of degrading the youth and impiety. When looking at Socrates life, one of the most important and significant summonss from Socrates is The unexamined life is non worth living. We are adequate to deduce the meaning of this quote by first looking at Socrates philosophy. When analysing his philosophy, using Platos Apology, we are able to divide it into three main parts, Socratic irony, method and ethos. In the first plane section of my essay I allow ex plain these three components of Socrates philosophy and found how these components are related to the statement The unexamined life is non worth living. In the endorse part of my essay, I volition proceed to clack about my own philosophy and how I disagree with Rauhuts definition of philosophy.In the first section, I will begin by talking about Socratic irony. Much of Socrates beliefs and philosophical statements are very ironic. For example, when the Oracle of Delphi says that Socrates is the wisest bit in Athens and Socrates does non understand why. Socrates goes about figuring out why the Oracle would say this by finding others in higher standing, the professionals and asking those people questions about themselves and their knowledge. Socrates would quiz them and submit to determine whether he felt they were wise. He would also ask whether they thought of themselves as wise. Most would claim that yes they were thus wise, merely Socrates did not feel that any of them th ey were. Later, Socrates decides that he is indeed the wisest man in Athens because he knows that he is not wise. People that animadvert they are wise are not because they indeed know energy. Socrates knows that he knows nothing and comes to the conclusion that he is the wisest man in all Athens because he knows that he knows nothing. How can someone be the wisest man in Athens and still know nothing? Socrates beliefs and philosophical statements are comprised of contradictory statements that to umteen of the people of Athens, made no sense. I thought this man seemed to be wise both to many others and especially to himself, but he was not and then I tried to show him that he thought he was wise, but was not. (Plato, 507) Socrates trial itself is ironic in a way as well. He was accused of being a corruptor of the youth and impiety. As far as impiety goes, Socrates claimed that he was carrying out the will of the gods. Impiety is the lack of respect or concern for Athenian gods and according to Socrates he was carrying out the gods will, implying that he is exclusively pious. When looking at the charge, his accusers claim that he is corrupting the youth. Socrates refutes this argument by stating that he did not corrupt the youth of Athens because he had no intentions of doing so. In order to corrupt someone, they must hand the intentions and the knowledge, and he had neither. He is not command the youth of Athens anything, he is merely encouraging the knowledge which they already have to come out, which lead us into the Socratic Method.When analysing Socrates philosophy, another significant part of his philosophy is his method. He looked at himself not as a teacher, but as a midwife. He does not teach anyone anything they did not know already, but he, with the proper questions, is able to bring out the knowledge that they already have. In essence he is helping someone compensate birth to their knowledge, helping to recollect the knowledge that they alread y have. The Socratic Method revolves mostly around question and answer. Socrates would begin by asking what something is. For example, at the start of Socrates trial, he begins by asking for definitions of such terms as justice, piety, friendship and virtue. Beginning with the question Socrates would keep for an answer and would always be able to refute the definition because all of the definitions he receives result in contradictions. Socrates is able to, through this method of question and answer, show others about what justice is by showing them what it is not, never coming up with what it is in a positive sense. Thus Socrates is teaching someone about something without teaching them anything new about that thing. Socrates would also just question people in an ordinary conversation. Instead of just simply telling the person what he treasured to prove he would quiz them and try to get them to say the point of which he is trying to get across with his questions. An example of thi s is in his trial when Socrates is refuting his accusation of corrupting the youth. now then, say who makes them better, inform the court who he is. You see, Meletos, you are silent, and a sufficient proof of what I am just saying, that you have cared nothing about it? Come, say, my good man, who makes them better? (Plato, 511) This process is proceed and Meletos proceeds to give his explanations, but Socrates does not buy into any of them. Socrates also believed that since he was condemned to death by the court, it must have been the will of the gods that his life was to end and because of this he had refused many offers from his friends to escape Athens and live somewhere where he was welcomed by the people. This shows us that at heart his method of philosophy lies an ethical part which binds him to always tell the truth and not to be sinful, which is also part of his ethos.The last major part of Socrates philosophy was his ethos. He was an extremely ethical in everything he did . Socrates spent most of his life examining the lives of others. He continued to do this even though these people did not want him to do so. Going back to the Socratic Method, Socrates would typically do this using question and answer. With this method in mind, he was able to make many people, who also were people of a high standing in the political life of Athens, look like fools in front of all of their peers. He continued to analyze these people in search of the truth. Truth was the most important thing to Socrates and he was always searching for it even though it led him to his ultimate death. Socrates, also, never took any money for any of the work he did. He spent most of his life in poverty because he believed that what he was doing was not work. He never taught anybody anything. He was only helping them to remember what they had forgotten and that, to Socrates, was not work.Through understanding these three main parts of Socrates philosophy, we are able to better understand the meaning of his statement The unexamined life is not worth living. According to his life and philosophy, if he had not gone around examining his own life and others, to him, it would not be worth living. Socratic irony helps us to understand his statement because he used this irony to help him to better understand life. Many of his ideas were ironic, but led him to a better understanding of truth. Socratic Method shows us how analytical Socrates truly is. He spends his life asking people questions and looking for answers that will help him to have a better understanding of truth. Finally Socratic ethos shows us how Socrates would continue to search for truth regardless of the consequences. Being a very philosophical man and having the desire to find truth he would not have had any value in life if he had not looked deeper than what we can see and feel. It was important to him to have a purpose in life, examine his own life and the life that many others lead and finally give othe rs the opportunity to see the world through his eyes.At this point, I will begin by defining Rauhuts definition of philosophy and how I interpret it. I will then show how I dont completely agree with his definition and provide my own definition and what my philosophy is. I will also talk about why philosophy is important to me and a philosophical question that has troubled me in my life.We can define philosophical questions as questions that involve abstract analysis and that require for their solutions more than observations and experimentation. Philosophical questions are open questions in the sense that we cannot easily predict what would constitute a satisfactory solution to then. No scientific procedure can produce a quick answer to philosophical questions. (Rauhut, 8 9) As stated in this quote, Rauhut proceeds to define philosophy as the study of open questions that will ultimately lead us to a better understanding of life and the world around us. He gives us examples of suc h questions and all of his questions fit into this definition. I, however, do not completely agree with his definition. Indeed most philosophical questions are open questions, but I think it goes a little further than just being open questions. Philosophy to me is studying questions that are related to life and death, what the true meaning of life is and what happens to us when we die.When looking at many philosophical questions we can see that all of these have something to do with life and death. Like many of Socratic or Platonic theories and philosophies, there is always something that relates to life and death. Platos theory of the Forms, Recollection and many of Socrates theories about what is a soul, the afterlife, and others are examples that relate philosophy to life and death. All of these, in one way or another relate to life and death.Although I had never really thought about it as being philosophical, I have always been interested in what happens to our conscientiousnes s when we die. Do we continue on in some parallel plain and be happy in an afterlife or do we simply cease to exist, go on into a dreamless sleep, without any anxieties. When I start thinking about this question it baffles my brain. I couldnt theorize having a dreamless sleep for an eternity, but I cant necessarily say that there will be a definite afterlife where our conscientiousness moves on to. Socrates presents both of these arguments in The Phaedo, but he is never actually able to come up with a clear for sure result that is guaranteed to happen. wherefore again, no one will ever know until they die, but depending on if we slip into a dreamless sleep, we could never really know what happens to us because we will no longer be able to retain any knowledge or even be able to think. There really is no way someone could answer this question because there is no one alive that knows what happens when you die. This is a question that I am sure that many people have or will clamshel l with at some point in their lives and philosophy is important because it allows people to analyze these questions and really gets them thinking about their own personal beliefs and whether or not their beliefs can really hold true for them.Thus my own definition of philosophy is the study of open questions about life and death. Philosophical questions all have some relation to life and the world around us as well as death and the afterlife. We all wrestle with questions like these, but not everyone would realize that they are thinking philosophically. Philosophy is more important to us than most people realize. In some strength or another everyone is a philosopher and everyone comes across questions that could change their beliefs completely.

Septic Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis Comparison

germy Arthritis and Reactive Arthritis ComparisonSeptic infective arthritis and labile arthritis be two arthritic disorders that result from an transmittal. Though they both(prenominal) ar related in their etiology and in their characteristic of causing arthritic enounces, each(prenominal) of them atomic number 18 actu onlyy different in the way the infection triggers the condition. The main difference between the two conditions whitethorn be further clarified with the scrutiny of the bourneinology white plagued for each.Origin of TerminologySeptic arthritis derives its name from the boundary sepsis which pertains to the placementic compromise due to the spread of infection1 this is the reason why the term is at times used interchangeably with infectious arthritis. Reactive arthritis was previously cognize as Reiters Syndrome named after the late German physician Hans Conrad Julius Reiter who was instrumental in the identification and description of the condition.2The term Reiters syndrome has lost popularity due to the exposure of Reiters history as a Nazi functional incisiony member during his prosecution in the Nuremberg trials as a war criminal be caseful of his alleged participation in the forced benevolent experimentations in the Buchenwald concentration camp this urged a group of doctors to campaign for the renaming of term Reiters syndrome into thermolabile arthritis back in 1977.3The condition whitethorn in any case be know as arthritis urethritica, polyarteritis enterica, or genital arthritis. (1) The term arthritis urethritica was coined due to its tendency to go on after a genitourinary infection, (2) the term polyarteritis enterica was coined due to its tendency to affect multiple joints and its tendency to occur after a gastrointestinal infection, and (3) the term venereal arthritis was coined due to the tendency of the condition to occur after a known venereal disease infection. The main difference between reactive arthriti s from purulent arthritis is that infectious arthritis pee-peed by the infection of the joint. However, reactive arthritis is not piddled by an infection to the joint itself, but is rather an auto repellent answer in reaction to an infection on another part of the body. Each disorder will be discussed further in depth in this chapter.Overviews, Microbiology, and PrevalenceSeptic ArthritisSeptic arthritis is an infection resulting in an arthritis characterized by purulent invasion and intense pain at the infect joint.4Aside from being interchangeable with the term infectious arthritis, this condition may similarly be known as suppurative arthritis due to its characteristic of producing purulent substances or pus, and may also be known as bacterial arthritis, eve though the condition may at times be of fungal or viral origin instead of the commonly bacterial origin. The causative infectious agent in septicemic arthritis sens spread to the joint from other previously infected areas of the body. The infection may sometimes only affect a single joint without affecting other parts of the body, but the infection may still spread to other body parts. Septic arthritis commonly affects the knee or wrist, and may also affect other joints such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the ankle, hip, elbow, shoulder, and shoulder. The infection infilt set outs and slanders the joint causing severe pain, suppuration, heat, and swelling. This severe form of arthritis also develops along with the sudden onset of fever, chills, and joint pain.5On the occasion that the sufferer of some forms of septic arthritis do not seek rapid aesculapian help for diagnosis and treatment, the joint may incur irreversible and permanent damage and in a period of days. Therefore, the situation should be regarded as a medical emergency.Gonococcal arthritis is the or so prevalent form of septic arthritis in the United States6. This class of septic arthritis is less prevalent in other areas of the world such as Western Europe where it is presently uncommon. The causative organism behind this form of the condition is the gram-negative diplococcus bacteria called Neisseria gonorrhoeae which was most possible spread to the joint systematically due to disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). This peculiar(prenominal) condition can be manifested as either arthritis-dermatitis syndrome which is a bacteremic infection accounting for sixty percent of gonococcal arthritis cases, or it can be manifested as an arthritic infection localized to a single joint which accounts for the remaining forty percent of cases.7Reactive ArthritisReactive arthritis is an autoimmune condition caused by the bodys immune resolution to an infection. The causative infection is not located at the modify joint itself (cross-reactivity).8The triggering infection is usually or often already in remission by the time the patient presents with arthritic symptoms, thus making it difficult to ascertain the initial cause. Cultures taken from the synovial facile of the joints bear upon by reactive arthritis will characteristically yield negative results indicating the cause is not a direct infection to the joint, but instead may be plausibly due to the over-stimulation of the autoimmune response or by the depositing of bacterial antigens in the joints by an unknown manner. Though the mechanism of reaction from the infection is still unknown, it is said that reactive arthritis often manifests within ane to three weeks after a known infection.Microbiology of ArthritisThe etiology of septic arthritis is commonly bacterial in charactermycobacterial, viral, and fungal arthritis occur in rare cases.9The pathogen accountable for septic arthritis must reach the synovial membrane of the joint. The micro-organisms are usually carried to the joint by the blood stream from an infectious source such as wound infections and abscesses located elsewhere on the body, introduced by skin lesions or trauma that penetrates into the joint, or by accompaniment of the infection from adjacent body tissue such adjacent soft tissue infections or bones suffering from an osteomyelitic condition. Being the most common cause of septic arthritis, there are various strains of bacteria that may be the culprit behind this condition. Staphylococcus aureus is the common causative pathogen in adults, while streptococcus is the second-most likely causative pathogen in adults.10Neisseria gonorrhoea is the most prevalent causative microorganism in young adults, although this is now thought to be rare in Western Europe.11Moreover, Haemophilus influenzae was the most prevalent causative pathogen in children but is now declining in areas where haemophilus vaccinations have been introduced.12Escherichia coli (E. coli) are the most likely causative micro-organism among the elderly, the seriously ill, and users of intravenous drugs. Salmonella, bru stalla, and tuberculosis are the causative pathogens behind septic spinal arthritis.13Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the bacterium responsible for endocarditis, has also been identified as a causative pathogen for septic arthritis in children who have suffered a penetrating wound directly to the joints.14Reactive arthritis may also be caused by bacterial infection. It is triggered by a new-fangled preceding infection the most common culprit in the United States would be the genital infection Chlamydia trachomatis. The bacterium known as Ureaplasma urealytium, which is a pathogen of the urinary tract, is also known to trigger the condition. The condition may also be triggered by bouts of gastrointestinal infection or food poisoning from Salmonella, Shigella, Yersinia, and Campylobacter, which are all enteric bacteria genera.15The infection is not located in the ailing joint, and may no longer present elsewhere on the body by the time the reactive arthritis develops. Other microorganisms may still be behind a case reactive arthritis but the evidence indicating them to be the actual cause is still circumstantial.16Prevalence of Septic Arthritis and Reactive ArthritisYoung children, older adults, and individuals with artificial joints are at greater jeopardy than the general population to develop septic arthritis. Those with artificial joints may be infected with different organisms in comparison with the general population, and may present with slightly different symptoms.17In general, if an individual touch on by septic arthritis seeks medical attention and treatment within a week after the first symptoms appear, they will most likely make a full recovery. On the other hand, individuals aged twenty to forty years of age are more likely to be modify by reactive arthritis. Men are more likely to be affected by the condition than women. Caucasian people are more likely to be affected than individuals of African-American descent this is due to the frequent occurrence of the HLA-B27 gene within the white populati on.18Patients infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) also have an increased risk of developing this condition. Arthritis makes it extremely difficult for affected individuals to remain physically active as numerous individuals hold up bound to their homes. These individuals will increase their risk for obesity, depression, and fondness disease due to their inactivity and anxiety from worsening disability.19The Immune Systems Role in ArthritisSeptic arthritis and reactive arthritis are both conditions that guide the immune systems autoimmune response. However, septic arthritis is the result of the bodys normal immune response to an actual infection present at the ailing joint. On the other hand, reactive arthritis is the result of the immune systems abnormal immune response to what it believes is a present infection at the joint but is, but, absent or is an infection on a part of the body aside from the joint this mistaken response which may be due to misinterpreta tion or oversensitivity is considered abnormal and is classified as an autoimmune disease. An overview of the human bodys immune system can better explain the mechanism by which these two conditions come into fruition.Overview of the Human Immune SystemThe human immune system is an intricate defense system designed to specifically defend against the many different types of pathogens. Pathogens are any organism, usually a live organism, which can cause disease. Pathogens include bacteria which are single celled organisms capable of upkeep outside the body, protozoa which are single celled organisms that live and are spread through water, morbific proteins which are multi-celled organisms that can only re enhance in another more complex living organism, fungi which are plant-like multi-celled organisms that take nutrition from other living organism such as plants and animals, viruses which are actually multi-celled organisms that invade and reproduce inside another microbial organis m, and parasites which are full complex organisms which feed get through the nutrients of another complex organisms and which tend to live in the intestinal tract or bloodstream of the human body. In theory any one of these organisms can cause septic arthritis or reactive arthritis, but parasites are very inappropriately to cause these conditions and bacteria are the most prevalent culprit. In the emergence that a pathogen passes through the bodys outer physical barriers, such as mucus and the skin, and penetrates into the internal structures of the human body, the immune system kicks in.20The human bodys immune system response is composed of the non-specific response and the specific response. Non-specific response consists of the complement response, the interferon response, fever response, and the inflammatory response. The complement response is conducted by the activation of complement proteins which bind with pathogens with lipid layers, such as bacteria, to destroy their l ipid layers allowing water to shift into the pathogen to drown them, or by the activation of macrophages which engulf the invading pathogen. Interferon response is conducted by a cell that has been infected with a virus. The infected cell produces a chemical protein known as interferon which will bind to uninfected cells preventing the virus from readily infecting them. The fever is conducted in response to toxin present in the body which may or may not be produced by bacteria pyrogen, which is a chemical also known as Interleukin 1, is responsible for resetting and increasing the bodys temperature and may cause gradual joint degeneration. Inflammatory response is the result of the hammock of histamines in response to tissue damage or infection histamine is capable of causing capillary dilation which allows for greater capillary permeability, which in daily round allows for white blood cells to gather at an infected site, for fluid to create ardor and swelling at the site to crea te cushioning, and for an increase in temperature at the affected site. The inflammatory response and fever response are the main responses responsible for the signs and symptoms present during both septic arthritis and reactive arthritis. The human bodys specific immune response is mostly managed by the different types of leukocytes which are better known as white blood cells (WBCs). White blood cells can be classified as eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Eosinophils manage to produce interleukins which are chemicals that serve a vital role as immune system neurotransmitters that relay messages between the many different white blood cells to ensure that they work together and cooperate as an effective system against pathogens and to ensure that the immune system does not attack the bodys own cells.Macrophages are also known as phagocytes, gist they are capable of conducting phagocytosis which is the process of engulfing, killing, and digesting of pathogens and cellular debris after digestion, the degraded pathogen is turned in peptides which can act as antigens. The antigens produced by the macrophages are whence carried by the macrophages into the lymph nodes where the helper T-cells utilize them to signal the B-cells to create antibodies. The last type of white blood cell is collectively called lymphocytes. The lymphocytes can be further subdivided into B-cells, NK cells, and T-cells. B-cells are responsible for creating immunoglobulin, or antibodies, that are specific to a certain pathogen as identified by their antigen. Antigens are protein peptides that exist on the outer surface of pathogens these antigens are used to differentiate and chance upon cells and pathogens that are foreign to the host body. The helper T-cells who receive the antigen produced by the macrophage produce lymphokines which instruct the B-cells on the production of the specific antibody. When the B-cells produce the specific antibody, B plasma cells begin to create mo re copies of its own self to create more antibodies. These antibodies, when smotherd into the bloodstream, will then proceed to bind with the antigens on the actual pathogens to signal the killer T-cells to attack these foreign organisms. The B-cells will also produce B memory cells, which are placid B plasma cells. These inactive B memory cells last longer than their active B plasma cell counterparts, which last for about five to seven days the presence of the B memory cells in the bloodstream allows them to respond faster to secondary exposures to the kindred pathogens in the future.Natural killer (NK) cells are cells that are activated by interferons, which interrupt with virus replication, and chemicals produced by macrophages which have ingested a virus. Natural killer cells engulf virus pathogens to prevent them from reproducing until a killer T-cell is developed to kill the contained virus. T-cells are responsible for identifying and destroying specific pathogens and cons ist of helper T-cells, killer T-cells, memory T-cells, and suppressor T-cells. Helper T-cells receive antigens from macrophages which have ingested a pathogen and instruct the B-cells to produce antibodies which will in turn signal the killer T-cells. Killer T-cells are responsible for finding and destroying pathogens by injecting them with cytotoxins. Memory T-cells are derivatives of helper T-cells which circulate around the body and perform the same functions as their parent cells. Suppressor T-cells are responsible for slowing down and deactivating the immune response once the foreign organisms and pathogens have been eliminated.What Goes Wrong with the Immune resultSeptic arthritis is really the result of the damage caused by the invading organisms and the normal immune response of the body to the infection in that specific joint or set of joints. In septic arthritis, the macrophages ingest a pathogen that has infected a joint. The macrophages then degrade the pathogen into an tigens and relay them to the helper T-cells in the lymph nodes. The T-cells then create antibodies specific to the antigens on the pathogens. The inflammatory response also releases histamine which increases the blood flowing into the affected joint to cause swelling, redness, and pain, which in turn causes stiffness and difficulty moving in the joint to cause arthritic symptoms. Meanwhile, the invading organisms cause damage to the joints. Such damage incurred by the joints may be irreparable if medical attention is not immediately sought after. Suppuration which is the result of the white blood cells fight against the invading microorganisms may also contribute to the arthritic condition. The fever response that triggers the release of pyrogen may also contribute to the degeneration of the joint. Although the exact etiology of the condition is still uncertain, unlike septic arthritis, reactive arthritis is caused by a unseasonable immune system response. The condition occurs in t he absence and aftermath of an actual infection that is located in a part of the body aside from the affected joints.Two theories exist for the purpose of explanation. The first theory speculates that there are antigens deposited in the affected joint the second theory speculates that the immune system has become faulty in detecting the actual presence or absence pathogens and creates an exaggerated immune response in the joints even though there is no infection or the infection is located elsewhere on the body. These theories causes the immune system to believe in a current infection and will release histamine and pyrogen to produce inflammation and fever. The inflammation will again cause the joint(s) to be stiff, painful, and immobileall of which are arthritic symptoms. The absence of an actual pathogen may mean that the inflammation and fever will last for an uncertain length of time but the absence of an actual pathogen will also mean that there is little to no actual damage to the affected joint.Distinguishing CharacteristicsThere are over a hundred forms of arthritis, all of which involve some degree of inflammation, pain, and immobility of an affected joint.21The many different types are the result of several different causes and these causes may point towards what distinguishes each form of arthritis from the other. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease and is the most common presentation of arthritis it can result from trauma to the joint, direct infection to the joint, daily wear and tear, muscle strain, fatigue, or simply from old age. Other forms of arthritis such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis are attributed to autoimmune diseases. The main thing that differentiates septic arthritis and reactive arthritis from other types of arthritis is that they are mainly results of infection. This means that they will most likely present with fever. The main difference between reactive arthritis from septic arthritis is that the latt er is when infection of the joint itself is the cause of the suppuration leading to the arthritis. However, reactive arthritis is not caused by an infection to the joint itself, but rather the inflammation is caused by an autoimmune response to an infection located on another part of the body this is known as cross reactivity.22Septic arthritis will most likely affect an individual joint (monoarthritic) if only one joint is infected. Nonetheless, the possible systemic nature of reactive arthritis allows it to most likely affect several joints (polyarthritis). Septic arthritis will also most likely yield positive shade results and present with suppuration, unlike reactive arthritis which may not yield the same results due to the absence of an infection at the actual site of arthritic symptoms.Techniques and ResearchDiagnostic TechniquesThe diagnosis of arthritis in general is made through a clinical examination that is conducted by a duly licensed and qualified health professional, who may collect other examinations such as blood tests and radiology to create a differential diagnosis for the suspected arthritis. However, radiographs (x-ray) and sonographs (ultrasound) are mostly used only to respect and monitor the severity and progression of the condition. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also an effective diagnostic tool.The history of the current disorder may guide diagnosis some significant markers include speed and time of onset, pattern and symmetry of joint involvement, aggravating and relieving factors, quality and severity of pain, and other systemic symptoms. An example of this is the use of pain patterns for example, rheumatoid arthritis is generally worse in pain and stiffness during mornings, but in comparison, osteoarthritis is usually aggravated after strenuous activities such as exercise. There is no diagnostic test to completely rule out septic arthritis however, it should be considered whenever a patient presents with rapid onset of join t pain. Usually it only affects one joint (monoarthritis) however, several joints can be affected simultaneously in cases involving staphylococcus or gonococcus infections. The affected joints may present with pain, swelling, redness, and warmth, often affecting joints in the limbs instead of deep joints such as the hips or shoulders. A fever of above 38.5 degrees Celsius and history of septic arthritis may also be indicative of the condition.The Gram stain can rule towards a septic arthritis diagnosis but cannot rule it out.23Gram stain and culture of fluid from the joint and blood test serums can also rule towards a positive diagnosis when yielding elevated neutrophils, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), c-reactive protein (CRP), and WBCs. Being a sort of systemic autoimmune disorder, reactive arthritis can be expected to cause polyarthritis which is a multiple joint arthritic condition. The affected joints may also present with pain, swelling, redness, and warmth. Swabs taken from the urethra, cervix, stool, urine, or the throat can be cultured in an attempt to identify the causative organisms. Blood tests and synovial fluid cultures may also be done to reveal elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and CRP to support the diagnosis. A blood screening may be done to identify the presence of the gene HLA-B27, which is present in an estimated eighty percent of all patients suffering from reactive arthritis.24Treatment TechniquesTreatment for arthritis in general includes lifestyle changes such as exercise and weight control, physical therapy, orthopedic braces, and medications. The main goal of treatment for both septic and reactive arthritis is to identify and eradicate the causative pathogen with the appropriate antibiotics. In the meantime, the treatment is symptomatic. Medications such as antibiotics, NSAIDS, steroids, and analgesia can help decrease inflammation in the joint resulting in decreased pain and hampered joint damage.25Reactive arthr itis may beseech immunosuppressant medications in addition to the above medications to reduce oversensitivity of the immune system. Extreme pain, redness, and swelling may require drainage by needle puncture to alleviate these signs of inflammation. Surgical replacement of the joints may also be needed in eroding types of arthritis such as certain strains of septic arthritis. Surgical debridement or arthrotomy is usually indicated for infections involving prosthetic joints. Individuals for whom surgery is contraindicated will have to undergo long-term trial antibiotic therapy.26AnalysisSeptic arthritis and reactive arthritis are two arthritic conditions that result from the human immune systems response to infection. Septic arthritis is the result of an infection on the arthritic joint if one joint is infected, only one joint shall be suffer arthritic symptoms. Reactive arthritis is the result of an exaggerated immune response to an infection that does not involve the arthritic joi nt this condition may be systemic and may affect multiple joints. Septic arthritis and reactive arthritis may both be caused by any pathogen including bacteria, mycobacterium, virus, and fungi however, bacterial infections are the most prevalent culprit. Since both septic arthritis and reactive arthritis are the result of an infection, what distinguishes them from most other forms of arthritis is that both of them may present with fever and some degree of suppuration in addition to the usual symptoms of inflammation which include pain, swelling, redness, and warmth at the joint. Septic arthritis will however prove to be the more destructive of the two conditions because it directly infects the joint and may cause permanent and irreversible damage. Since both of the conditions are the result of an infection, both of their treatments include antibiotics, which may usually be given intravenously, and medications that may deal with the symptoms of pain and inflammation may be given. Ort hopedic bracing for support and surgical intervention for damaged joints may also be needed in certain cases.

The Citibank Strategy Using Ebusiness Marketing Essay

The Citi assert Strategy Using E tune Marketing Es ordinateIntroductionThe Citi wedge started in 1812 in the city of New York in the United States of America, the marge started with in truth limited funds selling mostly indemnity policies and investments, the bank was one of the basic base national bank in the US, unquestionable very early in the late 19th century, the bank expanded luxuriant and gain nodes confidence quickly which made other banks fear the fast growing Citibank, later became c altogethered the Citigroup which involved other financial sectors and joined the integration occupation operations with other companies.The bank created bran- impertinently business opportunities, for many business by offering loans and sh ares, the corporation has created the business circulars which made it easy to deal with the money transactions and other payment methods, the credit cards purpose to be fast for that period of prison term, but with the fast growing use of the c ards, the business boomed and other method for money transactions macrocosm required, the Citibank was one of the first banks to create the on line e-business solutions to ease the work load on their employees, reduce the cost of papers with paperless statements to guests, and increase the speed of communications.The banks disputation has increase in the past a couple of(prenominal) years, the invention of the e-business and software dust solution has took the banks systems and advanced it for the befits of roughly(prenominal) the banks and their customers, the innovation resulted in the increase in competition use any methods to win and control the marts, the competition has two ways of competitions, the perfect and the monopolistic, the Citibank used both of them, shared benefits with perfects competition using integrated business protrudes with other banks and business partners and used the monopolistic to let out cheaper prices and shared investments with foreign ben eficiaries without the concern of the impact on the US markets.The Citibank used many strategies in their envisions, using the strategy to compete in the market inescapably plan to monitor the financial market and the stock market very closely, the bank introduce the prices very carefully when it get downs to use the monopolistic approach which kick downstairss them the tug in the price manipulation, the other strategy is the market which is the most important factor in increasing sales margin in the evident assets and improving the clubs image in the intangible assets, using the e-business for marketing has advanced very much and the online marketing has proofed of its capabilities and worth, using the e-business for marketing needed analysis from the Citibank to respect the situation from eon to time to manage their marketing operations and strategy.The Citibank after researching, analysing, and deciding to use their plan for all the strategies mentioned which helped th em for a century of financial convergences and operate, the company realise that any business entrust do anything to survive the unannounced, using the perfect theory or monopolistic are the same it does non puzzle out them evil or unethical bank, the appearance in the market and the competition comes from nowhere, are the bomb shill of the financial market and any market, the Citibank working fit the stock and financial market changes and the variability of the market is controlled by no one except the fear or the stable characters that manage and operate in the markets.E-Business work strategyThe computer age, came and change businesses how they functions and run, the invention of the software and other computer solutions made the business life easier and intruded speed at the work place, the new invention has two sides, the first is an advantage for the business around the demesne for the reason mentioned, the disadvantage is the increasing in unemployment, the more soft ware invented the more mountain lay back of work and the machines winning over, a good deal of machinery take a crap be controlled and operated by one employee. The whole software process do automatically, the only time is the bank human resources interfere in human contact when the situation get out of hand and investigation is a must, the bank will fling private investigation for each case, the website of the bank has many features and facilities that brook the clients and customers to brows into their products and services. (Bodily, 2004)Citibank one of many companies who are responsible for making much redundancy around the homo and trusted the new world innovation in e-business and its functions, for example in the past anything get to do with bills, paper work, transactions authorisation, companys editing, need many processor employees to deal with the requirements and the time spending on that job will withstand months to complete especially if there is mistakes o r error by human touch, the new innovation in the software computing system the two most advantages that mentioned, the speed of the process will take few minutes for finishings to be modify and the completion of a task will take few days instead of months, if any mistakes occur, the software automatically will fix the error and trouble a report for that matter, Citibank has a website that uses very strong encryption informationbase which includes all the work needs and security for protection from any unexpected hackers attack, or competitors trying to invade the Citibank privacy which is common in the monopolistic competition. (Bodily, 2004)Figure 1 the diagram illustrated the e-business operation between individual and the bank / the source Google image.The diagram gives the melodic theme of how the data and information transfer between customers and the bank, the data will go by dint of many authentication procedures before commit the other end with siemenss or minutes , the strong and secure database needs more bit encryption codes, the software solutions has only agreed user names and pass words for the companys employees to identify them and set aside them to inter the main domain software to be able to manipulate the database and do the work in a safest way, the combinations of the system is very complicated and has millions of contrastive codes and has countless numbers, the other security and safety for the Citibank online services that name been innovated and made dealing with the bank with more confidence is that Citibank introduce the secure online personal accounts for customers which allow individuals to go online and need to put the password then put the various numbers in different page and then ask for the account pallbearer some questions, then when all this done in just few seconds the bank account page gives you information of the last time you visited the page, if the user sees it was not him/ her visited, then the bank ask c ustomers to be informed immediately and the bank will freeze the account till further investigation done. (Smart Computing, 1999)The bank in any case provide credit cards products, the cards would be partnership re rifle with the VISA, MASTER CARD, AMERICAN EXPRESS, and DINNER, the bank provide these cards to customers through contract done between the Citibank and the cards companies, contract between the customer and the cards companies, and the Citibank and customers, the bank will fill automated application through the safe their database and the cards companies database, the application takes few minutes and the answer will be approved or declined, if its approved, the bank will fill automated application to part that is designed for the bank in the application confirm the authorisations of money and the card, the bank then will issue another automated application between them and the customer for a contract that guarantee the customer will agree to their policies and receive the cash with guaranteed safety, the bank then will try to sell the customer their favourite product which is the insurance for the loan just in case of unemployment, sickness, or other reason that will be related to the customer un able to pay the loan back, the card issuer will take few days to process the card and transaction of the cash will be automatically processed, this process in the past would take months to complete. (Daft, 2008)The Citibank products and services, promise that the new innovation way of the bank functions are simple, fast, and secure, so the bank when provide online process of application the promise to ensure the customers service and go for through the period which the customer requires, the bank provided claims facilitation for the online support that was designed for communication between the bank and customers, the products such(prenominal) as insurance has various style and designed to different segments, there is life insurance just in case of any deaths in the family, health insurance that designed for reduce the hassle of GBs and hospitals and give peace of mind just in case of health emergency, travel insurance for families or individual just in case flights cancelled or trouble in the process of the airport or anything related to travel, insurance on property includes business and private properties which the bank made it compulsory if the customer took the loan from the Citibank, in some insurance the Citibank require customers to fill application and provide all the personal data then the insurance will be immediately effective, and other insurance needs to be investigated after filling the online application such as home insurance. (Robbins, 2001)The Citibank with all these e-business products and services, the software companies didnt stop on providing the online services at this point but gone much far than that, the database between them and customers, the use of the mobile phones has increase comparing to the 90s when its first used, in that time such use only for calls and maybe some companies give the customers privilege of SMS in the old encryption data, the calls were too noisy and the and the online or internet werent invented yet, the banks customers would be advised to visit the bank very often to ensure of his/her bank account running smoothly. (Earl, 1999)The software companies has created a system similar to the online on the internet on computers, the use of the internet on mobiles phones has topped the chart for businessmen, students on the go, businessmen needs the internet handy when they travelling and some data to be sent right away and this data sometimes contain important contents, other important use is that sometime some money transactions to be confirmed before deadlines, so some deals to be completed, Citibank asked the software solution company to use their latest innovation in mobiles technology with their bank services by contacting and facilitate the online service s with mobile online personal accounts, the contracts set again with two parties, the first one is the bank with data transferred securely online on the mobile, second is the mobile company such as Vodafone, Orange, and T-Mobile and others, the contract will allow the bank to use and manipulate their database online through different encryption that designed only if for the mobile use only and allow Citibank customers only to process their online personal bank, in return for this service the bank will encore little carriages that will go to the mobile phones company for their allowing the bank and the bank customers through their technology.In the past the needs for data transfer, information feed, on the go messages between the bank and the customers were not even a dream, people wouldnt believe the idea or someday some technological advancement would get to the point where SMS messages will reach the internet mobile services, but now in the use of the mobile services has reached customers that wouldnt be possible before, the bank provided SMS services that will allow customers to go through their bank accounts online on their mobile phones and check their messages from the bank to inform them of the balance and their statements, they even give a code to short SMS messages with 52484 which allow the customer to go direct to the page as this code being published on the Citibank website, the other thing that resulted from the contract between the bank and the phone companies is that both companies will have shared advertising, the bank using the phone companies will recommends the contracted phone companies to their customers and the phone companies will advertise for free in their phones pages for the bank, in this way both companies using each other customers, the diagram structure illustrated in the next diagram shows the e-mobile new invention of how data and information being used and what structures involved in the data transfer through only mobiles enc rypted codes. (Earl, 1999)Figure 2 the diagram illustrates the e-mobile operation structure / the source Google image.The Citibank also provides online services such as paying the utilities bills such as gas bill, electricity bill, the services will be encrypted to example the transactions between banks, for example the customers go online and choose the feature that say mange your bills, the page will identify the codes encrypted when password inserted, the page then appears and the customer will be required by the bank to fill some form online, then after the page completed the software automatically asks from the customer to wait for the application process, the page then will appear to confirm the transactions form the bank page to the company that issued the bill and sending email confirm the payments. (Earl, 1999)The bank even invented a scrimping system plans for their customers using the automatic savings accounts, for example the technology software designed for customers , to deposit a certain amount of money let say $500, the cash in two year will automatically work through very complicated data allow the number work itself through some investments, the calculation data would be inserted in advance into the system so the money will be calculated each month automatically, taking certain percentage from the investments cut despite the investments success or fail, the calculation set to have the cut from the investments automatically to the customers bank accounts, the procedures through the e-business are very complicated, so no one allowed to altered or changed it, other investments that the customer will share the data designed to allow the customers share the loss of some investments if they decline and the contract is very clear about this on the online application, the clients on the other hand have different shares and different applications that only allowed clients or companies to visualize private domains on the software solution main page. (Handy, 1997)Figure 3 the diagram illustrates the Oracle application server which allow only secure data transfer / the source Google image.The diagram illustrates the type of server that they use which carry strong bits and security software to enhance the protection of their customers, the software also give customers other benefits such as input and output information without the system break down. One of the biggest Citibank investments products is, the mutual fund investments which the software give customers the challenge to equate their prices online, through their own URL and websites to guarantee the customers the promise of fairness and give customers the taste of the investments that will change their life forever, the bank realise that advertising for their products is not enough, they had to take the challenge with the help of the technology through comparison with other banks or building societies offers online, the offer includes the duplicate benefits that Citiban k willing to give up for their customers for the benefits of both the bank and their customers, the Citibank already researched the use of the comparison software and understood its methods, the more benefits to customers the more the software will put them on the top of the comparison list, and that how the software has been designed not for specific bank, its mutual contract for the benefit of everybody involved in this equation of cat and mouse, the strategies of the Citibank are differ from country to country and expanse to the region, the websites are so many and each one has different language and different approach even though the target is the same to increase network and inter new markets, the use of the online banking has the same benefits for any nationality or shade, and the Citibank has designed many websites for their bank all over the world. (Handy, 1997)Citibank Strategic MethodsThe Citibank operates using two theories, using the perfect theory and the monopolisti c theory, the perfect competition theory when the market is deciding and have prices control, and all companies are happy with it, no one has the queen in controlling the prices function, the Citibank perfect competition allow other companies to share the competition, in the other side of the competition theory is the Monopolistic competition which apply its hard line attack on prices, companies who are ready to take this road has opportunities to use the market in an odd way to gain winnings dealing in this kind of competition and selling products, the market easy to use one way enter and the other way exit and no obligations, there are many products and consumers in this market but no business has total control as the prices sometimes change according to pot such as financial market changing. (Borden, 2009)Since the beginning of the world financial problems few years the Far East governments have a contingency plan to protect their economy by not depending on one sector or one business as they formed a plan of diversification in both the government and private sector in which made them pass the credit crunch that happened in the US market regarding the Citibank business in which show that the overseas branch has survived the decline stage comparing to the other banks in the US market because of the freedom of ability to change some regulations overseas that depends on the circumstances. (Carr, 2003)Figure 4 the table illustrates the bank balance sheet for internal use by the Company/ the source Google imageThe table preceding(prenominal) illustrates the grassroots known balance sheets for bank and building societies the balance sheet help the bank determine the revenue and expenditures for the company annual statements.The Citibank starts to follow the plan in which suits all their market audience mostly new segments and new markets, The banks move was to educate employees, and provide proper training and understanding about the culture of each region , and understanding the laws and legislations of each government separately and make sure that the managers have the right management equipments and tools for running the company overseas. (Carr, 2003)The good strategic move Citibank is to change the image that developed lately about company abroad, the first one is the use an ethical way of supporting some takeaway business with loans that use food processing with chemicals seeds to grow a paltry, without realising that the bank movement has been calculated and monitored from different ethical groups. So Citibank try to change this image by come close to the community and show them how they follow the right way, they only support those who are following the right ethical path, especially the local righteousness and culture in some Far East countries such as Indonesia about following the ethical ways, introducing HALAL bank account which does not charge interests on any bank account in the Islamic way, on the other side of the worl d, in the US the plans didnt work the way Citibank hoped, the ethical groups are fiercely attacking the bank plans of supporting companies that uses chemicals and damaging the environments, which resulted in controversy and debates, and that wasnt the only case. (Borden, 2009)The Citibank get involved in many unethical cases such as relying on foreign investments that depends on cash and not involved the concern of the ethical side, the case involved allowing overseas investors who are involved or venture in wrong doing in the banks shares, and other cases such as running from paying taxes on some secret investments overseas that not has been registered in the US tax department. (Borden, 2009)Marketing StrategiesThe most aspect of the banks business, or any business for that matter, the company abilities to sell their products and services, the way of re stick in themselves and how a company can abet themselves with careful approach to the other businesses and the public, the most important thing for the Citibank using the marketing techniques is the use of the HR to control the damage that has been a headache all these years. (Kotler, Keller, Brady, and Goodman, 2009)The Citibank used the strategies such as the four Peas, the strategy which proofed success in the market because of its accurate analysis to identify their assets such as tangible and intangible, the assets have great power impact on any business, when identify what the company as place, product, price, promotion, the company can determine the immediate situation of what they have and compare it to the market and their competitors, the bank will find where they stand in the market, using other analysis such as the market the BCG which means the product life cycle, any company use this matrix can determine their products or service if its worth selling it in the market or its profusion of investments in new product or service. (Kotler, Keller, Brady, and Goodman, 2009)Figure 5 the diagram illus trates the 4Ps matrix for the marketing combine/ the source Google image.The 4Ps in this diagram explain the basic 4Ps matrix and its marketing mix, the Citibank uses this matrix all the time to determine their own marketing mix, start with the products, the bank provided the world with the finest banks services and products which adding new various extra every time the market require the change such as the e-business and update and renewal of the computer systems, if the bank does not use these techniques they wouldnt know that the markets needs the changes and the products will be the same and nothing extra or no variation in products will be added, products and services innovation coming in the same category of the variation which products and services needed to be inspired by the old ones, the inspiration comes also form the customers needs such as the customer easy to use a bank account and the ability to manipulate his/her own bank account which came possible with the e-busin ess.The place or the locations in the marketing mix, suppose to be the first choice for any business the distribution channels which is favourite by any bank around the world to be able to connect with their customers, the Citibank has many locations around the world that enable them to sell direct to customers and increase communications with their clients as well as the public, when talk about the place in the past, someone will understand is only the locations , but with todays technology advancement age, the concept has changed and place in the marketing mix also means the online services which include all the features that are available on sites, everything customers needs it will be on their websites, including choosing of any language, data, design that suit individuals, business 2 business communications, data and cash transfer, and many more. (Li, 2007)The price of the Citibank always using the price elasticity to compete in the market, the hard line prices which commit c ustomers to buy the products without compromise is out of the question, the plan of the bank always have variations as well as the products, the prices are different targeting different segments such as students cards which has a different price charges than adults or pensioners, the Citibank uses the penetration price techniques which allow them to set a price for a market simply for the penetrate the market, for example a basic bank service or product cost a certain amount in the market, to penetrate that market the Citibank as a tremendous experience company set challenging and competitive price known that other banks will not try to do the same, in this case the Citibank penetrate that market in that specific product or service knowing that they won that product or service.Finally the promotion, a technique in the marketing mix that give a chance to the bank to identify the present promotion techniques and what are the new competitive techniques, the first thing this technique depend on is the mass communications, the communication will be between the Citibank and their marketing company that has a complete management system designed especially for this kind of function, for example when the Citibank faced all that unethical fiasco and the controversy that came with it, the marketing team and the PR of the company unit with the marketing company to do damage control and set the right criteria for releasing statement right away, and didnt stop in that, the PR of the company kept appearance in different media channels, a newspapers, magazines and TV shows to calm the press down and proof that the bank actions are ethical and responsible. (Poter, 1998)ConclusionThe Citibank as a large corporation, started as an effort of ambitious individuals who saw the future in something that became multinational company later, the company has offered the world many great products and services, created many opportunities and jobs for the public, helped the yearly capita list economy to evolve with a system that proofed its success for over a hundred years, the company helped the world of how to create management system, increase communications techniques, helped in many researches and projects that contributed to the world of business of today, each individual in the steer senior management throughout the history of Citibank has created something new for the companys systems functions, walking with the changes and the obstacles that have occurred in the last 100 years has made the company stronger and wiser and that is why the company deserve the praise for success even though their main target is the cash.The company technological advancement and co-ordination in communication, helped the company to maintain the lead in the banking business, when the technology of online business came about in the middle of the twenty century by many Microsoft companies, the computer appears in many companies offices and start to be part of the business, the publ ic then has no idea who information and cash being transferred or market works.The Microsoft companies start to challenge each other in the software technology which transferred the business function forever with the e-business and working online, the future of the e-business the way Microsoft sees it, it depend on the customers demand because the world markets today are leading positions on any business or functions is the (demand word), the businesses realise that the demand age is here and depends on the future customer imaginations and liking, the Microsoft predictions are creating software that calculate for the customer all the banking options and give them the best deals not only what is going on today which present the customers with choice of best deals on comparison sites, the future calculation is counting the person best interest of the charges and the system in the future will force bank system to change to concentrate on the customers interest rather than the cash and sales that generated by venerable customers who are being charged with lots of money and they have been cornered by greed of the banks.The Citibank plan is to create a new management system that can monitor changes in the unexpected events that force immediate actions the plan will includes the increase in partnerships with feared competitors who are causing Citibank money and effort to keep them out of bay, these companies not only in the bank business but also in the other business functions using the help of the US governments senators and other congress Politians power to force laws and regulations to be adjusted or removed to suit few rival companies, the Citibank has their own share in the equation of power but to illuminate the surprises, their plan to come closer to the rival its one of their priorities.The Citibank uses a software system that connect them straight to the financial and the stock markets, using the online e-business has helped them to monitor changes in the r ate of fill in and the stock market share, as the Citibank corporation operates overseas, their actions depending on the rate of exchange and enhance their profits and revenues, the bank trying to regulate the e-business system with their overseas rivals in the banking business and create rate exchange monitoring system that will be specialised in the movements of the transactions, rather than the present system that only depends on the market movements and the price that would lead them to follow the market price regardless of their rate exchange concern, even though the Citibank used their tricks in the past, the company fears from the consequences that leading to the media scandals and public mistrust.Finally the Citibank is the company that has contribute for many years, delivered to the public great bank system, introducing e-business cost money, time, and effort to research it and implemented, the future for the bank business is radiant and looking rather well, the bank syst em always will put the revenue ahead of their customers and that is the way business world functions.

SHAYS’S REBELLION AND THE U.S. CONSTITUTION Essay -- Essays Papers

SHAYSS REBELLION AND THE U.S. CONSTITUTION Introduction Although no. widely known, Shayss Rebellion greatly impacted the debate on sovereignty and led many to conclude that the only possible solution was the centralization of power in a national authority. Historian John Garraty notes, The lessons became plain license must not become an excuse for license and at that placefore greater authority must be vested in the central government.1 While this effect was not the rebels intended goal, Shayss Rebellion helped shape the construction of the U.S. Constitution and the American political thought that has since followed. An analysis of both the causes and effects of Shayss Rebellion highlights its percentage to the demise of the Articles of Confederation and the ratification of the Constitution.What was Shayss Rebellion? In the winter of 1786-1787, many farmers protesting the foreclosure of their farms took up arms and stormed county courthouses across M assachusetts. All over New England, there existed a growing frustration with the American postwar situation under the Articles of Confederation. Massachusetts farmers disconnection from the Boston government rendered the situation more volatile than anywhere else. Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Vermont instituted harsh laws to stem the growth of insurrection. But inland Massachusetts was so heavily agrarian that the rebellion gathered steam.2 Backcountry farmers banded together in mobs of up to one thousand men and marched to different cities, rioting in front of prominent shops and courthouses in order to make their frustrations heard. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a former officer in the Contine... ...9415 Szatmary 10316 Kenney17 Marion L. Starkey, A Little Rebellion (New York Alfred A. Knopf Inc., 1955), xiv.18 Richards 6719 Richard D. Brown, Shayss Rebellion and Its Aftermath A View from Springfield, Massachusetts, 1787, The William and Mary Q uarterly 40, no. 4 (1983), 598-615.20 Harpers Monthly Magazine 66021 Harpers Monthly Magazine 66122 Starkey 23523 Houston Chronicle, Side by side memorials tell both sides of 1787 Shays Rebellion, 6 February, 1987, 8.24 Kenney25 Robert A. Feer, Shayss Rebellion and the Constitution A Study in Causation, The New England Quarterly 42, no. 3 (1969), 388-410.26 Szatmary 12327 Houston Chronicle28 Starkey 24229 Jackson30 Jonathan Clark, The tree of liberty refreshed, The Times, 28 November 1996, 1.

Waste Land Essay: All is Not Well :: T.S. Eliot Waste Land Essays

  All is Not Well in The Waste Land           Eliots The Waste Land doesnt make sense. No point how many symbols and allusions are explained by critics or Eliot himself, no matter how many fertility gods and Eastern philosophies are dragged into it, the poem does not make sense. But then, it doesnt rent to in order to be good or to induce a purpose. All it needs is to have typifying, and something need not make sense to mean something. The meaning The Waste Land holds for me is of something wrong - something so twisted and rotten, as to be intrinsically wrong. For me, this wrongness winds itself in and out of the passages and images of the poem and doesnt seem to have any hope of being righted until the end - in the last few lines.   In every time, in every place in The Waste Land, something is wrong. The origination of the poem is one where April, the season when growing things return after winter, is the cruellest month, breeding/L ilacs out of the dead land, the son of man knows only a heap of unordered images, and there is fear in a handful of dust. Each symbol and each allusion contains a grotesque element - one that was already there or one incorporated by Eliot. Lines 72-73 are such a nice, normal way to speak about a garden (Has it begun to sprout? Will it hot flash this year?/Or has the sudden frost disturbed its bed?), except that the thing which has been planted is a corpse, and its in danger of being dug up by a Dog.   Tie different ways of looking at life are all tainted. Someone says, I shall rush out as I am, and walk the track/With my hair down, so. What shall we do tomorrow?/What shall we ever do? The talkative woman gossips of the problems in another womans marriage and of her abortion, ending with the last words of Ophelia, spoken in her madness. Tiresias, the device prophet, foretells the scene of a woman who endures the caresses of her lover, and, glad when they are over and he is g one, forgets about the incident entirely. She merely puts a record on the gramophone.   The descriptions are lots shocking and ugly, especially in the midst of a beautiful scene.

Teaching in the Nude :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

So there I was, standing in the locker room. There were eight four-year olds (boys and girls) the two teachers (both women, around the age of twenty five) and me. It was a Wednesday, which operator it is a swim day. As everyone around me began shedding his or her clothes, I felt my heart skip a beat as I wondered where I was going to change.   Um, do I just take off my clothes and change right in front of the children? I asked, sheepishly.   Well, unless you plan to swim in your clothes, I think it would be a good idea to take off your clothes was the Danish response. They were not used to my cultural views on nudity but I was. Well, seeing as I did not want the children to think I was strange, I took a deep breath and stripped down.   rest there bare-assed, for the first five minutes was the hardest thing I had ever done - or so I thought. Here in Sweden, when changing in the locker room, it is proper etiquette to wander around in the nude. Ones towel does not serve any other purpose besides modifying one off - it is not a cover for ones nude body. This was a big step for me. It is the American way to use your towel as a shield from exposing your naked tooshie to others. Well, not here.   So, I proceeded into the shower chamber (naked) along with my naked class of children and the two naked teachers. The shower chamber consisted of a long corridor of waterspouts - there was no place to hide I had to grin and bare it, literally After our six to ten-minute communal nude shower, we finally put our bathing suits on and went swimming.   I thought I had accomplished a great feat I, the modest American, stood naked in front of the whole class and the teachers. Yay for me But, to my surprise, I was mistaken.   After our swim, we entered the naked chamber once again. Our bathing suits and towels were hung up, and the naked party began We all showered again (the Danes are really clean people), and as I grabbed my towel and began to dry of f, I received strange looks. Am I not supposed to be getting dressed yet?